TABLE 2.

Plants proposed for the medicinal and edible plants area and their features.

Species	Medicinal/ edible features	Therapeutic effects	Decorative elements	Tactile experience	Plant type/growth habit/decorative period
Papaver somniferum	Edible seeds	Medical use for pain relief; attracts birds and other pollinators (Bao and Zhu, 2022)	Large flowers in shades of red, pink, purple or white	Silky petals, smooth leaves	Annual/herbaceous/late spring to early summer
Helianthus annuus	Edible seeds	Rich in nutrients seeds; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Pal, 2011)	Large, composite inflorescences with prominent yellow ray florets surrounding a brown disk	Hairy stems, rough leaves	Annual/herbaceous/ summer to early fall
Matricaria chamomilla	Flowers	Calming, soothing, reduces inflammation; attracts bees and other pollinators (Mao et al., 2016; Amsterdam et al., 2020)	Small, radiate capitula with white ligulate ray florets and yellow tubular disk florets	Feathery leaves, silky flowers	Annual/herbaceous/ summer
Pyrus communis	Edible fruits	Provides vitamins and fibers; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Kolniak-Ostek, 2016; Simionca Mărcăşan et al., 2023)	White blossoms, aesthetically pleasing foliage	Smooth bark and leaves, glossy fruit surface	Perennial/tree/spring to fall
Amaranthus caudatus	Edible seeds and young leaves	Rich in nutrients; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Gamel et al., 2004)	Pendulous red inflorescences	Rough leaves and stems, soft inflorescences	Annual/herbaceous/ summer to early fall
Malus domestica	Edible fruits	Rich in vitamins and fiber; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Patocka et al., 2020; Sestras and Sestras, 2023)	White or pink flowers in spring, colored fruits in autumn	Rough textured bark, smooth leaves, and fruit	Perennial/tree/spring to fall
Ribes nigrum	Edible berries	High in vitamin C, supports immune system health; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Karjalainen et al., 2009)	Racemes of greenish-yellow flowers followed by black berries	Hairy leaves, smooth berries	Perennial/shrub/spring to fall
Monarda didyma	Edible flowers and leaves	Antiseptic, antibacterial, antifungal; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Côté et al., 2021)	Vibrant red flowers that attract pollinators	Slightly rough textured leaves, soft flowers	Perennial/herbaceous/ summer
Rubus idaeus	Edible berries	High in vitamin C; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Zhbanova, 2019)	White flowers that develop into red berries	Soft and fuzzy leaves; delicate hairy flowers	Perennial/shrub/spring to fall
Echinacea purpurea	Roots, leaves and flowers	Boosts immune system, reduces inflammation; attractive to butterflies, birds, and bees (Goel et al., 2005)	Large, daisy-like flowers with purple ligules and orange-brown central cones	Soft and smooth petals	Perennial/shrub/summer to fall
Centaurea cyanus	Flowers	Mild anti-inflammatory and soothing properties; attractive to butterflies, and bees (Garbacki et al., 1999)	Blue, purple, pink, or white flowers with involucre bracts	Silky petals, rough leaves	Annual/herbaceous/late spring to early fall
Achillea millefolium	Aerial parts of the plant	Anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, astringent effects; attracts bees and butterflies (Tadić et al., 2017)	Flat-topped corymbs with white, yellow, pink, or red flowers	Feathery leaves, smooth flowers	Perennial/herbaceous/ summer to fall
Prunus avium	Edible fruits	Rich in vitamins and antioxidants; attractive to bees, and other pollinators, birds are attracted to the fruit (Kelebek and Selli, 2011; Nunes et al., 2021)	White or pink blossoms in spring, followed by red berries	Smooth bark and leaves	Perennial/tree/spring to fall
Ribes rubrum	Edible berries	High in vitamin C, supports immune system health; attractive to bees, and other pollinators, birds are attracted to the fruit (Zdunić et al., 2016)	Greenish-yellow flowers followed by red berries	Slightly hairy leaves, smooth berries	Perennial/shrub/spring to fall
Calendula officinalis	Edible flowers	Reduces inflammation, promotes skin health; attractive to bees, and other pollinators (Parente et al., 2012; Silva et al., 2021)	Liguliflorous capitula with bright orange ray florets	Smooth petals, slightly rough leaves	Annual/herbaceous/spring to fall