Figure 2.

The potential mechanisms of TTFields inducing anti-tumor immune response. (a) The mechanism of TTFields enhancing immune cell infiltration and function; (b) the process of immunogenic cell death induced by TTFields in tumor cells; (c) TTFields have a regulatory effect on inflammation and immune-related signals in tumor cells; (d) TTFields enhance anti-tumor immune response by upregulating immune checkpoints in tumor cells. ↑, means that the level of cytokines secreted by cells increases or the expression level of checkpoints on the cell surface increases.