Table 1.
List of the mechanisms between the viruses and ferroptosis.
| Viruses | Interactions | Targeted cells | Outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Increases iron export mediated by ferroportin to inhibit HIV replication BRD4/miR-29 system opposes ferroptosis by boosting SLC7A11 and ferritinophagy |
PBMCs, THP-1 | Reduce virus replication | Kumari et al. (2016) and Sfera et al. (2022) |
| Promote HIV-induced neurodegeneration | ||||
| Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) | Nrf2 disturbs cellular redox homeostasis to promote ferroptosis | U373 | Alleviate HSV-1 encephalitis | Xu et al. (2023) |
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) | Decrease GPX4 expression to induce ferroptosis ORF3 induce ferroptosis via Keap1-NRF2 axis Promote expression and internalization of TfR1 |
Vero, NCI-H1299 | Not clear | Jankauskas et al. (2023), Liu et al. (2023), and Wang X. et al. (2023) |
| Murine hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV-A59) Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) |
Upregulate ACSL1 dependent on NF-κB | RAW264.7, 17CL-1, MEF Huh7.5.1 |
Prevent viruse infection | Xia et al. (2021) |
| Reduce TFR1 and DMT1 expression Induce GPX4 expression by NS5A |
Inhibit viruse infection | Fillebeen and Pantopoulos (2013) and Brault et al. (2016) | ||
| Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) | Induce ferroptosis by regulating the Sp1/TFRC/Fe axis | Hela | Not clear | Yi et al. (2022) |
| Swine influenza virus (SIV) | Inhibit system Xc−/GPX4 axis and increase TFR1 expression | A549 | Enhance virus replication | Cheng et al. (2022) |
| Influenza A virus (IAV) | Increase TFR1 expression to promote IAV infection | A549 | Enhance IAV infection | Mazel-Sanchez et al. (2023) |
| Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) | Glycosylation site Mutation of TFR1 | CCL64 | Protect against FPV infection | Callaway et al. (2018) |
| Newcastle disease virus (NDV) | Induce ferroptosis via p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway | U251 | Reduce cancer cell activity | Kan et al. (2021) |
| Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) | USP24 combined with pUL38 regulate NCOA4 to reduce ferritinophagy | HEK293T | Not clear | Sun et al. (2018) |
| Enteroviruses (CV-A6) | Induce ferroptosis by ACSL4 | RD, HEK293T, A549 | Facilitate virus replication | Kung et al. (2022) |
| Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) | The upregulation of GPX4 and SLC7A11 induce ferroptosis via p62-Keap1-NRF2; GPX4 interact with TAK1-TAB1/TAB3 Complex to regulate TAK1acticity |
HEK293T | Not clear | Yuan et al. (2022) |
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) | mTORC2 interrupt virus-specific memory CD4+ T cells; mTORC2 inactivation leads to reduce GPX4 expression by the mTORC2-AKT-GSK3β axis | BMCs | Not clear | Wang Y. et al. (2022) |