Figure 1.

Schematic visualization of genes involved in AM symbiosis. The interaction between plants and AMF involves several genes and molecular components that are crucial for the establishment and maintenance of the symbiotic relationship. While Sym genes, receptor kinases, phosphate (Pi) transporters, mycorrhiza-derived small RNAs and plant hormones in plants are plant-derived genes and components, mycorrhiza-specific genes, transporter genes, secreted proteins, effector genes and regulatory genes are genes of a mycorrhizal fungi origin. These genes and molecular components in both plants and mycorrhizal fungi are essential for the successful establishment and maintenance of mycorrhizal symbiosis, which benefits both partners by improving nutrient exchange and enhancing plant growth.