Figure 3.

Effects of AMF–SL interaction on biotic and abiotic stress factors. The interaction between AMF and SLs plays an important role in enhancing plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. These synergistic partners can enhance plant resistance to abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, temperature extremes and nutrient deficiencies, and biotic stresses, such as disease, pests and weeds. Furthermore, these partners can significantly benefit sustainable agro-ecosystems, such as environmental sustainability, climate resistance, nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition and the preservation of water quality.