Figure 1.

Mechanism of action of personalized cancer vaccine. After vaccination at the injection site, Dendritic Cells (DCs) or other Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs) are loaded with antigens and migrate to the draining lymph node. There, the APCs present the antigens through the Major Histocompatibility Complex classes I (MHC I) and II (MHC II), respectively, to the CD8 and CD4 T cells. The activated T cells with an antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) proliferate and migrate to the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they recognize and kill cancer cells through the release of cytotoxic granules.