Table 1.
General, anthropometric and biochemical data according to weight group.
| Underweight | Normal Weight | Overweight | Obese | Severely Obese | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 121 (20.1) | 75 (12.5) | 44 (7.3) | 135 (22.5) | 226 (37.6) | 0.059 |
| Age, year | 14.9 ± 2.1 | 13.9 ± 2.3 | 14.0 ± 2.3 | 13.2 ± 2.7 | 11.7 ± 3.7 | 0.102 |
| Males, % | 6.6 | 12.0 | 45.5 | 45.9 | 61.1 | <0.001 |
| Height, cm * | 159.0 [153.0, 164.0] | 156.0 [151.0, 164.0] | 156.7 [149.3, 163.0] | 158.5 [147.6, 165.9] | 155.0 [140.3, 164.3] | 0.005 |
| Weight, kg | 35.2 ± 5.8 | 41.2 ± 7.2 | 60.5 ± 11.8 | 72.4 ± 18.9 | 82.8 ± 30.4 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 * | 14.1 [13.0, 15,0] | 16.7 [15.8, 17.6] | 24.5 [22.7, 26.5] | 28.9 [25.7, 31.9] | 35.0 [30.3, 39.2] | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, SDS | −3.3 ± 1.0 | −1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 2.6 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Body surface area, m2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.007 |
| SBP, mmHg * | 101.0 [94.0, 108.0] | 102.0 [95.8, 112.0] | 118.5 [110.0, 120.0] | 120.0 [112.5, 124.0] | 120.0 [115.0, 128.0] | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 65.2 ± 8.7 | 64.8 ± 9.4 | 68.3 ± 7.1 | 68.5 ± 8.7 | 71.5 ± 8.7 | 0.184 |
| Biochemical evaluation | ||||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 78.2 ± 11.4 | 80.0 ± 14.4 | 82.2 ± 9.0 | 86.7 ± 13.3 | 87.0 ± 8.9 | 0.466 |
| FPI, µUI/mL * | / | / | 12.0 [9.3, 17.0] | 17.3 [10.0, 26.2] | 23.1 [13.3, 31.9] | 0.015 |
| HOMA-i | / | / | 2.43 [1.91, 3.61] | 3.50 [2.26, 5.39] | 4.94 [2.69, 7.22] | <0.001 |
| Matsuda index | / | / | 3.27 [2.16, 6.61] | 2.74 [1.85, 4.43] | 2.42 [1.66, 3.93] | <0.001 |
| HbA1C, mmol/mol | / | / | 32.9 ± 2.8 | 33.8 ± 4.4 | 34.8 ± 4.5 | 0.391 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL * | 163.0 [135.0, 200.0] | 151.5 [125.8, 185.3] | 153.5 [137.0, 167.8] | 157.0 [133.0, 175.0] | 154.0 [134.0, 173.0] | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL * | 62.0 [51.0, 75.0] | 57.0 [48.0, 68.0] | 51.0 [43.8, 59.5] | 46.5 [41.3, 55.0] | 45.0 [39.8, 52.0] | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 108.8 ± 51.9 | 86.4 ± 32.6 | 91.9 ± 24.3 | 96.1 ± 25.4 | 94.9 ± 26.2 | 0.027 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL * | 72.0 [55.5, 92.3] | 70.5 [58.3, 85.8] | 65.0 [53.3, 80.5] | 79.0 [59.0, 112.0] | 87.0 [66.0, 123.0] | <0.001 |
| AST, U/L * | 21.0 [18.0, 27.0] | 19.0 [16.0, 25.0] | 18.0 [16.0, 23.0] | 22.0 [18.0, 27.0] | 24.0 [19.0, 31.0] | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L * | 16.0 [11.5, 26.5] | 15.0 [11.0, 19.0] | 14.0 [11.0, 17.0] | 19.0 [15.0, 28.0] | 23.0 [17.0, 35.5] | <0.001 |
| GGT, U/L * | 11.0 [8.0, 15.0] | 9.0 [6.0, 11.0] | 12.5 [10.0, 15.8] | 13.0 [10.0, 18.0] | 17.0 [13.0, 22.0] | <0.001 |
| Vitamin B12, pg/mL * | 596.0 [450.3, 871.8] | 718.0 [522.0, 933.0] | 609.5 [430.5, 682.0] | 446.0 [328.3, 557.8] | 417.0 [349.3, 565.8] | <0.001 |
Note: data are presented as means ± SDs and have been tested via ANOVA; however, parameters marked by * show a non-normal distribution, are presented as the median [25–75% IQR] and have been tested via the Kruskal–Wallis H test. Significant p-values are represented in bold.