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. 2023 Nov 22;12(23):4214. doi: 10.3390/foods12234214

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The cytoplasmic land nuclear levels of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) (A), as well as levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (B) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (C) inflammation in the livers of all groups of rats. Data are presented as means ± SD for n = 8 rats/group. (^{*, **, ***}): significantly differed with STD group at p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively; (^{#, ###}): significantly differed with XH-treated group at p < 0.001; (^$$$): significantly differed with HFD group at p < 0.001; (^{&&, &&&}): significantly differed with HFD + XH group at p < 0.001.