Table 3.
Serum, hepatic, and fecal lipid levels in all groups of rats.
| Parameter | STD | XH | HFD | HFD + XH | HFD + XH + CC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | TGs (mg/dL) | 89.3 ± 9.1 | 77.3 ± 6.5 ** | 168.3 ± 15.2 ***,### | 95.3 ± 8.6 ###,$$$ | 175 ± 17.8 ***,###,&&& |
| CHOL (mg/dL) | 75.6 ± 6.9 | 61.3 ± 5.7 ** | 187.4 ± 16.4 ***,### | 96.4 ± 7.4 **,###,$$$ | 194.3 ± 17.3 ***,###,&&& | |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 23.2 ± 2.1 | 26.7 ± 2.4 | 11.5 ± 1.9 ***,### | 24.5 ± 2.7 $$$ | 10.8 ± 9.7 ***,###,&&& | |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 32.3 ± 3.6 | 21.5 ± 2.6 * | 99.6 ± 8.5 ***,### | 41.4 ± 3.9 *,###,$$$ | 103.1 ± 9.1 ***,###,&&& | |
| Ox-LDL-c (ng/mL) | 11.3 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 0.71 *** | 44.8 ± 3.6 ***,### | 17.8 ± 2.5 **,###,$$$ | 48.9 ± 5.1 ***,###,&&& | |
| Liver | TGs (ng/g tissue) | 225.4 ± 19.5 | 148.2 ± 11.4 ** | 564.2 ± 42.2 ***,### | 258.2 ± 21.4 *,###,$$$ | 610.3± 54.6 ***,###,&&& |
| CHOL (ng/g tissue) | 78.4 ± 5.7 | 58.7 ± 4.7 ** | 198.4 ± 15.4 ***,### | 85.7 ± 8.9 **,###,$$$ | 184.4 ± 16.7 ***,###,&&& | |
| FFAs (μmol/g tissue) | 125.4 ± 11.4 | 89.5 ± 6.9 *** | 349.5 ± 46.7 ***,### | 167.3 ± 17.8 *,###,$$$ | 324 ± 33.1 ***,###,&&& | |
| Stool | TGs (ng/g) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 ***,### | 4.4 ± 0.6 ***,### | 5.3 ± 0.5 ***,### |
| CHOL (ng/g) | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 2.5 ± 0.3 ** | 6.3 ± 0.5 ***,### | 6.1 ± 0.6 ***,### | 5.9 ± 0.6 ***,### |
Data are presented as means ± SD for n = 8 rats/group. (*, **, ***): significantly differed with STD group at p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively; (###): significantly differed with XH-treated group at p < 0.001; ($$$): significantly differed with HFD group at p < 0.001; (&&&): significantly differed with HFD + XH group at p < 0.001. TGs: triglycerides; CHOL: cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ox-LDL: oxidized LDL; and FFAs: free fatty acids.