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. 2023 Nov 23;20(23):7104. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20237104

Table A2.

Multivariate generalized linear regression analysis of predictors of high molecular weight (HMWP) metabolites (ng/mL).

Predictors HMWP Metabolites
MCPP MECPP MEHHP
Adjusted Model Estimate (95% Cl)
Age (years)
<20 REF
20–34 −0.27 (−1.81, 1.26) 1.30 (−2.99, 5.60) 1.06 (−6.33, 8.46)
≥35 −0.15 (−2.18, 1.87) −1.31 (−6.98, 4.37) −3.00 (−12.78, 6.78)
p-value 0.93 0.34 0.46
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White REF
Non-Hispanic Black/African American −1.73 (−3.07, −0.39) −2.04 (−5.80, 1.71) −0.02 (−6.49, 6.45)
Hispanic −0.06 (−1.30, 1.17) 3.03 (−0.43, 6.50) 5.20 (−0.76, 11.17)
Asian −1.18 (−2.98, 0.63) 1.12 (−3.94, 6.19) −1.34 (−10.06, 7.39)
American Indian, Native Hawaiian other,
or more than 1 race
−0.89 (−2.95, 1.18) −2.64 (−8.43, 3.15) −5.49 (−15.46, 4.48)
p-value 0.07 0.14 0.26
Education level
Less than HS grad REF
HS grad or GED −0.91 (−2.74, 0.92) −2.43 (−7.56, 2.70) −4.77 (−13.60, 4.07)
Some college or Assoc/Tech degree 0.58 (−1.11, 2.27) 0.64 (−4.10, 5.37) 1.64 (−6.52, 9.80)
Completed college 0.63 (−1.21, 2.47) −2.10 (−7.27, 3.06) −2.22 (−11.12, 6.67)
Degree work beyond college 1.46 (−0.46, 3.38) −0.88 (−6.26, 4.50) 0.90 (−8.36, 10.16)
p-value 0.09 0.39 0.31
Pre-pregnancy BMI
Normal 18.5–<25 REF
Underweight <18.5 0.89 (−0.98, 2.76) −0.78 (−6.03, 4.47) −2.68 (−11.73, 6.36)
Overweight 25–<30 1.02 (0.03, 2.00) 0.61 (−2.15, 3.36) 0.21 (−4.54, 4.96)
Obese ≥30 1.27 (0.18, 2.36) 2.40 (−0.64, 5.45) 5.40 (0.15, 10.65)
p-value 0.07 0.44 0.16
Clinical site
Case Western Reserve University, OH REF
Columbia University, NY 0.25 (−1.61, 2.10) 5.26 (0.06, 10.46) 10.00 (1.04, 18.97)
Indiana University, IN −0.46 (−2.49, 1.58) 1.53 (−4.16, 7.22) 2.92 (−6.88, 12.72)
Magee-Women’s Hospital, PA −0.34 (−2.25, 1.57) −0.53 (−5.89, 4.83) −2.12 (−11.35, 7.12)
Northwestern University, IL −0.85 (−2.87, 1.18) 0.03 (−5.64, 5.70) −0.35 (−10.12, 9.42)
University of California Irvine, CA −2.15 (−4.37, 0.07) −3.03 (−9.25, 3.18) −2.63 (−13.34, 8.07)
University of Pennsylvania, PA 2.01 (−0.15, 4.17) 5.83 (−0.22, 11.89) 11.70 (1.27, 22.13)
University of Utah, UT −1.39 (−3.27, 0.49) 2.96 (−2.31, 8.23) 6.69 (−2.38, 15.77)
p-value 0.00 0.00 0.00