Table 1.
Characteristics of the population.
| Age groups | All (n = 668) | 0–1 Y (n = 56) | 2–5Y (n = 67) | 6–17Y (n = 75) | 18–29Y (n = 106) | 30–44Y (n = 122) | 45–64Y (n = 146) | 65–75Y (n = 60) | 75–94Y (n = 36) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 409(59) | 28(50) | 34(50.7) | 42(56) | 67(63.2) | 85(69.7) | 89(69.9) | 36(60) | 24(63.1) |
| Symptoms n (%) | |||||||||
| Rhinitis | 565(84.3) | 49(87.5) | 63(94.0) | 67(89.3) | 92(86.8) | 101(82.8) | 113(79.4) | 48(80) | 32(84.2) |
| Fever | 279(41.6) | 22(39.3) | 42(62.7) | 38(50.7) | 44(41.5) | 46(37.7) | 61(41.7) | 15(25) | 11(28.9) |
| Cough | 533(79.6) | 45(80.4) | 49(73.1) | 61(81.3) | 83(78.3) | 95(77.9) | 116(79.4) | 60(90) | 30(78.9) |
| Dyspnea | 63(9.4) | 14(25) | 12(17.9) | 3(4) | 8(7.5) | 9(7.4) | 22(15.1) | 8(13.3) | 5(13;2) |
| Headache (n = 548) | 208(37.8) | NE | NE | 23(30.7) | 46(43.3) | 52(42.6) | 60(41.1) | 21(35) | 4(10.5) |
| Diagnosis n (%) | |||||||||
| Upper ARIs | 433(64.6) | 39 (69.6) | 49 (73.1) | 45 (60.0) | 78 (63.6) | 86 (70.5) | 83 (56.9) | 29 (48.3) | 24(63.2) |
| Lower ARIs | 143(21.3) | 16(28.6) | 17 (25.4) | 10 (13.3) | 11 (10.4) | 14 (13.5) | 38 (26.0) | 24 (40.0) | 13(34.2) |
| Flu-like syndrome | 94(14.1) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.5) | 20 (26.7) | 17 (16.0) | 22 (18.0) | 25 (17.1) | 7 (11.7) | 1 (2.6) |
| Viruses n (%) | |||||||||
| Negative | 227(33.9) | 6(10.7) | 7(10.4) | 18(24) | 34(32.1) | 53(43.4) | 64(43.9) | 27(45) | 18(47.4) |
| HRV | 203(30.3) | 30(53.6) | 36(53.7) | 23(30.7) | 32(30.2) | 32(26.2) | 35(23.0) | 10(16.7) | 5(13.1) |
| Influenza viruses | 95(14.2) | 2(3.6) | 14(20.9) | 19(25.3) | 16(15.1) | 15(12.3) | 16(10.9) | 9(15) | 4(10.5) |
| CoV | 60(9.0) | 5(8.9) | 3(4.5) | 7(9.3) | 12(11.3) | 13(10.7) | 13(8.9) | 2(3.3) | 5(13.1) |
| PIV | 42(6.3) | 6(10.7) | 5(7.4) | 6(8.0) | 8(7.5) | 4(3.2) | 8(5.4) | 5(8.3) | 0 |
| RSV | 39(5.8) | 9(16.1) | 2(3.0) | 2(2.7) | 6(5.7) | 2(1.6) | 11(7.5) | 2(3.3) | 5(13.1) |
| HMPV | 34(5.1) | 5(8.9) | 4(6.0) | 7(9.3) | 2(1.9) | 7(5.8) | 3(2.0) | 5(8.3) | 1(2.6) |
| ADV | 18(2.7) | 6(10.7) | 10(14;9) | 1(1.3) | 0 | 0 | 1(0.7) | 0 | 0 |
| BoV | 12(1.8) | 6(10.7) | 4(6.0) | 0 | 0 | 1(0.8) | 1(0.68) | 0 | 0 |
| Codetection | 53(7.9) | 16(28.6) | 15(22.4) | 8(10.7) | 4(3.8) | 4(3.3) | 6(4.1) | 0 | 0 |
Upper ARIs included rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, angina, laryngitis, and otitis. Lower ARIs included asthma, bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. NE, not evaluable. Multiplex PCR test results: among the 668 samples tested (97.5% patients), 443 (66%) were positive for at least one virus (Table 2). The median [IQ25-75] age and SD of patients with negative or positive samples were, respectively, 45 [1–92] years and 27 [0.3–94] years (p < 0.0001), and 3 [2-5] days and 2 [2-8] days. The multivariate analysis confirmed that negative samples were independently associated with age by year (p < 0.00001) and with the SD by day (p < 0.00001) according to the onset of symptoms.