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. 2023 Nov 27;24(23):16830. doi: 10.3390/ijms242316830

Figure 3.

Figure 3

TRF1 and TRF2 promote telomere maintenance in ALT cells. (a) SUMOylated TRF2 binds ALT telomeres and blocks telomere fusion by the MMS21-BRCC3-MRE11-PARP1 complex. (b) The telomere chromatin remodeling is regulated by the TR4-NURD-ZNF827 complex, which contributes to the dynamic binding of shelterin binding, homologous recombination (HR), and ALT activity. (c) TRF1 regulates telomeric transcription and replication stress by detaching from telomeres and recruiting Polη. The phosphorylation of TRF1 by MRE11 and BRCA1 is required for the accumulation of APBs.