Table 2.
The association between dietary vitamin C consumption and serum Klotho concentrations among all participants.
| Dietary Vitamin C Consumption (mg/day) | Percent Changes (%) and 95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | p Value | Model 2 | p Value | Model 3 | p Value | |
| Per SD increases | 1.33 (0.56, 2.12) | 0.001 | 1.54 (0.78, 2.31) | <0.001 | 1.17 (0.37, 1.99) | 0.006 |
| Quintile 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||
| Quintile 2 | 0.69 (−1.75, 3.19) | 0.585 | 0.97 (−1.43, 3.44) | 0.434 | 0.77 (−1.60, 3.20) | 0.530 |
| Quintile 3 | 0.68 (−1.71, 3.14) | 0.581 | 1.18 (−1.22, 3.63) | 0.342 | 0.51 (−1.68, 2.74) | 0.653 |
| Quintile 4 | 0.48 (−1.54, 2.54) | 0.644 | 1.09 (−0.88, 3.10) | 2.833 | 0.37 (−1.69, 2.48) | 0.726 |
| Quintile 5 | 4.08 (1.51, 6.72) | 0.002 | 4.89 (2.38, 7.47) | <0.001 | 3.66 (1.05, 6.32) | 0.007 |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.011 | |||
Note: CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation. Model 1 was a crude model; Model 2 was adjusted for age and sex; and Model 3 was further adjusted for BMI, PIR, ethnicity, education attainment, serum cotinine, alcohol consumption, diabetes or not, hypertension or not, eGFR, and dietary energy intake. The quintile of dietary vitamin C consumption ranges: Quintile 1: 0 to 17.10 mg/day; Quintile 2: 17.11 to 36.80 mg/day; Quintile 3: 36.81 to 70.60 mg/day; Quintile 4: 70.61 to 129.78 mg/day; and Quintile 5: 129.79 to 1617.80 mg/day. Bold indicates significance with p < 0.05.