Table 1.
Clinical studies regarding cancer and the adipose tissue.
| Concluded Preclinical Studies | Intervention | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metformin limits the adipocyte tumor-promoting effect on OC [88] | Effect of metformin on adipocyte conditioned media and growth of ovarian tumor cells | Inhibition of adipocyte mediated OC tumorigenesis. | |
| Epigenetic Targeting Of Adipocytes Inhibits High-grade Serous OC Cell Migration And Invasion [89] | Effect of treatment of adipocytes with guadecitabine in OC cells | Decrease in HGSOC migration and invasion. | |
| Host obesity alters the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment and impacts response to standard of care chemotherapy [90] | Effect of a HFD vs LFD on response to standard of care chemotherapy on OC cell line and to assess obesity-associated changes in the TME | Significantly diminished response in HFD mice vs. LFD controls. | |
| Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces HO-1 to Promote T Cell-Mediated Tumor Cytotoxicity [91] | Effect of combination of chemotherapy and a FMD on lymphoid progenitor cells and cytotoxic CD8(+) TILs | Enhancement of T-cell-dependent targeted killing of cancer cells. | |
| Randomized Clinical Trials | NCT Trial No. | Phase | Intervention |
| Breast Cancer Weight Loss (BWEL) study [92] | NCT02750826 | Phase III | Effect of telephone-based weight loss coaching in adjuvant treatment of BC. |
| Low Fat Versus Protein Sparing Diet for Weight Loss & Impact on Biomarkers Associated With Breast Cancer Risk (LEAF) [93] | NCT01559194 | Phase III | Effect of LCD vs. LFD to determine the impact of these dietary patterns. |
| An Endometrial Cancer Chemoprevention Study of Metformin Versus No Treatment in Women with a BMI >/= 30 kg⋅m2 and Hyperinsulinemia [94] | NCT01697566 | Phase III | Effect of metformin on the endometrium. |
| Diet and Physical Activity Change or Usual Care in Improving Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Previously Treated Stage II, III, or IV Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer [95] |
NCT00719303 | Phase III | Effect of a lifestyle intervention on PFS ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer. |
BC—breast cancer; BMI—body mass index; FMD—fasting-mimicking diet; HFD—high-fat diet; HGSOC—high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma; HO-1—heme oxygenase 1; LCD—low-carbohydrate diet; LFD—low-fat diet; OC—ovarian cancer; PFS—progression-free survival; TILs—tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.