| AGE | advanced glycation end products |
| BMD | bone mineral density |
| DPP | Dipeptidyl peptidase |
| DXA | Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry |
| DALY | disability-adjusted life year |
| FRAX | Fracture Risk Assessment Tool |
| GLP | glucagon-like peptide |
| HR-pQCT | high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography |
| HR-MRI | high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| ISCD | The International Society for Clinical Densitometry |
| IGF | Insulin-like Growth Factor |
| N | number of patients |
| OR | odds ratio |
| PTH | parathormone |
| RANKL | receptor activator of NF-κB ligand |
| T1DM | type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| TBS | trabecular bone score |
| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |