Table 1.
Selected lung cancer biomarkers.
| Study | Population | Method | Biomarkers | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xu BJ [11] | 40 LC 8 HR |
MALDI-MS | Proteins | 75% accuracy |
| Doseeva V [13] | 75 LC 75 HR |
IMMUNOASSAY xMAP | Proteins and autoantibody | 77% sensitivity 80% specificity |
| Mazzone PJ [14] | 155 LC 245 HR |
IMMUNOASSAY MAGPIX | Proteins and autoantibody | 74% sensitivity 80% specificity |
| Silvestri GA [15] | 29 LC 149 HR |
MS | Proteins | 97% sensitivity 44% specificity |
| Chapman CJ [17] | 235 LC 266 HR |
ELISA | Autoantibodies | 92 % accuracy |
| Du Q [18] | 305 LC 74 HR |
ELISA | Autoantibodies | 56.53% sensitivity 91.60% specificity |
| Yu L [24] | 64 LC 58 HR |
qRT-PCR | miRNA | 80.6% sensitivity 91.7% specificity |
| Montani F [27] | 74 LC 115 HR |
NA | miRNA | 77.8% sensitivity 74.8% specificity |
| Sozzi G [29] | 69 LC 870 HR |
PCR | miRNA | 87% sensitivity 81% specificity |
| Yu Y [32] | 153 LC 93 H |
RT-PCR + FISH | CTCs | 67.2% sensitivity for stage I 84.1% specificity |
| Katz RL [33] | 107 LC 100 H |
FISH | CTCs | 89% sensitivity 100% specificity |
| Newman AM [36] | 13LC 13 H |
CAPP-Seq | ctDNA | 96% specificity |
| Ponomaryova AA [38] | 60 LC 32 H |
TaqMan PCR (MSP) | cirDNA | 87% sensitivity 75% specificity |
| Rudnicka J [42] | 86 LC 41 H |
GC/MS | VOCs | 80% sensitivity 91.23% specificity |
| Shlomi D [45] | 89 LC 30 H |
eNOSE | VOCS |
83% accuracy 79% sensitivity 85% specificity |
| McWilliams A [46] | 25 LC 166 H |
eNOSE | VOCs | 80% accuracy |
| Gasparri R [47] | 70 LC 76 H |
eNOSE | VOCs | 81% sensitivity 91% specificity |
| Hanai Y [49] | 20 LC 20 H |
GC/MS | VOCs | 95% sensitivity 70–100% specificity |
| Gasparri R [50] | 46 LC 81 H |
GC/MS | VOCs | 85% sensitivity 90% specificity |
LC = lung cancer patients; H = healthy subjects.