Table 1.
Epigenetic mechanisms in normal NC and in MNA NB development.
| Epigenetic Mechanism | Role in Normal NC Development | Aberration in MNA NB | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-200b | NC induction/specification | Tumor suppressor; downregulated | [28,32,42] |
| miR-17~92 | NC induction/specification | Oncogenic; upregulated | [28,29,42] |
| miR-20a | NC induction/specification | Oncogenic; upregulated | [28,29,42] |
| miR-204 | NC induction/specification, NCC EMT/migration | Tumor suppressor; downregulated | [28,42] |
| miR-34a | NCC EMT/migration | Tumor suppressor; downregulated | [28,29,31,32,42] |
| let-7 | NCC EMT/migration | Tumor suppressor; downregulated | [28,29,42] |
| Histone modifications of the MYCN gene | Shift from active H3K4me3 to repressive H3K27me3 mark for MYCN downregulation during neuronal differentiation/maturation | The active H3K4me3 mark is kept; MYCN expression is sustained | [34] |
| EZH2 | Controls the expression of genes crucial for neuronal differentiation/maturation via histone methylation, H3K27me3 is associated with gene repression | Recruitment of PRC2 by MYCN for EZH2-mediated epigenetic silencing | [35,37] |