Table 1.

Experimental studies in pharmacomicrobiomics across various models. The table presents the most recent studies in pharmacomicrobiomics, encompassing investigations in humans, mice, and in vitro. These studies examine the impact of the microbiome on drugs, either in terms of drug bioaccumulation, metabolism, or both.

Drug Involved	Affected Process	Associated Microorganisms	Clinical Effect	Condition for Which Studied	Organism in Which the Study Was Conducted
Chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy	Not described	L. mucosae and L. salivarius	Favorable response	Metastatic/unresectable HER2-negative gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma	Humans [33]
FOLFOX regimen	Drug metabolism	Akkermansia muciniphila	Better therapeutic effect	Colon Cancer	Mice [34]
Hydrochlorothiazide	Bioaccumulation	Gram-negative enterobacteriaceae	Impair glucose tolerance	Metabolic control	Mice [23]
Mycophenolate mofetil	Drug metabolism	Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides stercoris and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	Graft-versus-host disease risk reduction	Transplantation	Humans [35]
Simvastatin	Drug metabolism and bioaccumulation	Probiotic bacteria	Alteration of simvastatin bioavailability and therapeutic effect	Metabolic control	in vitro [36]
Statins	Drug metabolism	Bacteroides	Intense statin responses	Metabolic control	Humans [37]