Table 2.
Outcomes in the NeuroCuple™ treatment group compared with control.
| Variable | Control (n = 31) |
Treatment (n = 38) |
Reduction % Compared with Control | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain at rest AUC | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 36 | |||
| POD 1-30 | 101.5 (75.8) | 59.4 (41.6) | 41% | 0.027 |
| n = 31 | n = 36 | |||
| POD 1-3 | 9.5 (5.6) | 6.3 (3.7) | 34% | 0.018 |
| n = 31 | n = 34 | |||
| POD 7-30 | 75.4 (61.2) | 44.0 (28.8) | 42% | 0.07 |
| Pain with movement AUC | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 36 | |||
| POD 1-30 | 140.2 (73.7) | 114.7 (54.5) | 18% | 0.12 |
| n = 31 | n = 36 | |||
| POD 1-3 | 13.7 (4.7) | 12.0 (4.7) | 12% | 0.12 |
| n = 31 | n = 34 | |||
| POD 7-30 | 101.5 (61.7) | 85.4 (38.2) | 16% | 0.35 |
| Total opioid OME (mg) | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-30 | 102.6 (74.0) | 82.1 (80.3) | 20% | 0.15 |
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-3 | 70.2 (53.8) | 63.6 (62.1) | 9% | 0.37 |
| n = 31 | n = 36 | |||
| POD 7-30 | 32.4 (41.7) | 19.5 (26.5) | 40% | 0.26 |
| Opioid refill after POD 3 | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 3-30 | 17 (55%) | 10 (26%) | 52% | 0.016 |
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| Acetaminophen (mg) | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-30 | 10632.7 (4228.2) | 9801.3 (5130.1) | 8% | 0.53 |
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-3 | 5944.0 (2622.7) | 5750.7 (2805.3) | 3% | 0.68 |
| n = 31 | n = 35 | |||
| POD 7-30 | 4688.7 (2964.6) | 4397.9 (2964.7) | 6% | 0.62 |
| Ibuprofen (mg) | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-30 | 616.1 (1814.6) | 426.3 (964.1) | 31% | 0.82 |
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-3 | 409.7 (956.2) | 189.5 (351.7) | 54% | 0.98 |
| n = 31 | n = 35 | |||
| POD 7-30 | 206.5 (1011.2) | 257.1 (901.7) | (25%) | 0.50 |
| Gabapentin (mg) | ||||
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-30 | 391.9 (629.8) | 263.2 (341.2) | 33% | 0.61 |
| n = 31 | n = 38 | |||
| POD 1-3 | 314.5 (375.8) | 218.4 (244.8) | 31% | 0.53 |
| n = 31 | n = 35 | |||
| POD 7-30 | 77.4 (328.3) | 48.6 (150.2) | 37% | 0.84 |
| PACU min to discharge | n = 31 | n = 38 | ||
| 194.4 (72.9) | 166.5 (76.7) | 14% | 0.13 | |
| Hospital hours to discharge | n = 31 | n = 37 | ||
| 40.9 (36.2) | 31.6 (21.7) | 23% | 0.62 | |
| Satisfaction with care at discharge | n = 30 | n = 38 | ||
| 9.4 (1.6) | 9.7 (0.7) | (3%) | 0.97 | |
| Satisfaction for care at POD 30 | n = 30 | n = 34 | ||
| 9.3 (1.7) | 9.4 (1.1) | (1%) | 0.79 | |
| Satisfaction for pain management at POD 30 | n = 30 | n = 33 | ||
| 8.1 (2.7) | 9.0 (1.8) | (11%) | 0.19 |
AUC: area under the curve; POD: postoperative day; OME: oral morphine equivalent; PACU: post-anesthesia care unit. Mean (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. The Kruskal–Wallis test or Pearson’s chi-squared test were used to test whether distributions of continuous or categorical outcomes differed by treatment group.