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. 2023 Nov 28;28(23):7819. doi: 10.3390/molecules28237819

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Photodegradation of tramadol (TRML) in the presence of various materials such as TPPS-based (TPPS@P25, TPPS@PHBA-P25), PdF₂POH-based (PdF₂POH@P25, PdF₂POH@PHBA-P25), unmodified P25, and tramadol as a control upon irradiation with visible light (with cut-off filter > 400 nm).