. 2023 Nov 24;15(23):4905. doi: 10.3390/nu15234905

Table 2.

Average marginal effects as a difference in predicted outcomes (Before versus After) for all combinations of levels of the categorical predictor (type of surgery and intervention) for psychiatric outcomes.

Outcome	Surgery	Intervention	Est	SE	p	Est_pairwise	SE_pairwise	P_pairwise
BDI	RYGB	Placebo	−8.00	3.49	0.022	−0.95	4.11	0.817
	RYGB	Probiotic	−7.05	2.17	0.001	−0.95	4.11	0.817
	SG	Placebo	−8.55	2.69	0.002	3.22	4.25	0.449
	SG	Probiotic	−11.76	3.29	<0.001	3.22	4.25	0.449
HRSD	RYGB	Placebo	−6.43	3.86	0.096	−2.40	4.59	0.601
	RYGB	Probiotic	−4.03	2.49	0.106	−2.40	4.59	0.601
	SG	Placebo	−2.15	2.71	0.428	5.66	4.42	0.201
	SG	Probiotic	−7.80	3.50	0.026	5.66	4.42	0.201
Insomnia	RYGB	Placebo	−3.76	2.92	0.199	−1.54	3.48	0.658
	RYGB	Probiotic	−2.21	1.89	0.242	−1.54	3.48	0.658
	SG	Placebo	−3.54	2.09	0.090	−3.05	3.40	0.370
	SG	Probiotic	−0.49	2.68	0.855	−3.05	3.40	0.370

Examined contrasts in all cases—Before versus After (After minus Before), BDI—Beck Depression Inventory, HRSD—Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, RYGB—Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, SG—Sleeve Gastrectomy, Est—estimate of average marginal effect (AME), SE—standard error, p—p value for testing the significance of AME estimates, Est_pairwise, SE_pairwise, P_pairwise—estimates of AME, standard error and p value, respectively, for pairwise comparisons between Placebo and Probiotic group (Placebo minus Probiotic).