Table 2.
Comparison in blood biochemical parameters among the sarcopenia and diabetes groups.
| Men | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables (Unit) | Sarcopenic Diabetes a
(n = 126) |
Sarcopenia Alone b
(n = 458) |
Diabetes Alone c
(n = 135) |
Non-Sarcopenia and Non-Diabetes d (n = 552) |
K-W Test | |||||
| Median | (IQR: Q1–Q3) | Median | (IQR: Q1–Q3) | Median | (IQR: Q1–Q3) | Median | (IQR: Q–Q3) | H-Value | p-Value | |
| TC (mg/dL) | 172.0 | (148.8–195.3) | 176.0 | (155.0–201.0) | 172.0 | (153.0–198.0) | 182.0 | (158.0–203.0) | 7.9 | 0.05 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 41.7 | (35.6–48.9) b | 45.2 | (38.2–53.9) a,c,d | 39.1 | (33.0–45.2) b,d | 42.6 | (36.5–49.5) b,c | 43.8 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 101.7 | (78.0–124.3) | 106.3 | (87.5–131.0) | 103.7 | (82.9–129.1) | 110.7 | (88.9–130.8) | 9.6 | 0.02 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 120.0 | (83.0–184.5) c | 107.0 | (76.0–154.3) c,d | 147.0 | (111.0–215.0) a,b,d | 119.5 | (84.0–168.0) b,c | 38.2 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.0 | (13.2–15.3) c,d | 14.3 | (13.4–15.1) c,d | 14.7 | (13.9–15.5) a,b | 14.8 | (14.0–15.4) a,b | 46.7 | <0.01 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 41.6 | (39.1–44.8) c,d | 42.5 | (40.0–44.6) c,d | 43.4 | (41.1–45.6) a,b | 43.5 | (41.5–45.5 )a,b | 39.3 | <0.01 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 97.2 | (58.8–168.1) | 88.1 | (52.4–150.1) | 98.6 | (57.4–184.0) | 89.5 | (53.5–157.4) | 4.6 | 0.20 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 17.0 | (14.0–21.0) | 16.0 | (14.0–19.0) | 18.0 | (14.0–21.0) | 16.0 | (14.0–19.0) | 8.3 | 0.04 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.00 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.90 | (0.8–1.0) c | 1.00 | (0.9–1.1) b | 0.93 | (0.8–1.1) | 16.9 | <0.01 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 17.5 | (13.8–23.2) b,d | 21.8 | (16.5–27.7) a | 20.3 | (14.9–26.5) | 22.7 | (17.8–27.5) a | 33.7 | <0.01 |
| PH (pg/mL) | 64.3 | (50.4–79.1) | 64.1 | (50.7–81.1) | 63.8 | (47.8–78.7) | 61.4 | (49.7–77.4) | 3.3 | 0.35 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 9.1 | (6.7–11.6) b | 7.4 | (5.8–9.7) a,c,d | 9.0 | (7.7–13.2) b,d | 8.4 | (6.7–11.5) b,c | 69.0 | <0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.98 | (2.2–4.2) b | 1.75 | (1.3–2.3) a,c,d | 3.13 | (2.3–4.5) b,d | 2.04 | (1.6–2.8) a,b,c | 215.7 | <0.01 |
| TyG Index | 4.80 | (4.6–5.1) b,c,d | 4.61 | (4.4–4.8) a,c,d | 4.93 | (4.8–5.2) a,b,d | 4.67 | (4.5–4.9) a,b,c | 130.0 | <0.01 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 131.0 | (113.8–150.5) b,d | 94.0 | (88.0–102.0) a,c | 129.0 | (108.0–148.0) b,d | 96.0 | (90.0–103.8) a,c | 360.7 | <0.01 |
| HbA1C (%) | 6.8 | (6.2–8.1) | 6.8 | (6.2–7.6) | ||||||
| Women | ||||||||||
| Variables (Unit) |
Sarcopenic diabetes a
(n = 71) |
Sarcopenia alone b
(n = 312) |
Diabetes alone c
(n = 249) |
Non-sarcopenia
Band non-diabetes d (n = 1049) |
K-W test | |||||
| Median | (IQR: Q1-Q3) | Median | (IQR: Q1-Q3) | Median | (IQR: Q1-Q3) | Median | (IQR: Q1-Q3) | H-value | p-value | |
| TC (mg/dL) | 197.0 | (161.0–225.0) | 198.5 | (180.0–222.0) | 195.0 | (166.0–220.0) | 199.0 | (176.0–223.0) | 4.4 | 0.22 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 44.3 | (38.2–51.3) | 46.1 | (39.1–53.0) c | 44.3 | (36.5–50.4) b,d | 45.2 | (39.1–52.2) c | 10.0 | 0.02 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 116.7 | (87.8–157.5) | 126.2 | (105.9–144.8) | 123.3 | (93.5–144.4) | 125.8 | (104.3–147.3) | 4.5 | 0.21 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 151.0 | (106.0–219.0) b,d | 125.0 | (86.0–175.0) a,c | 135.0 | (99.0–191.0) b,d | 122.0 | (88.0–177.0) a,c | 18.5 | <0.01 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 | (12.2–13.6) | 12.9 | (12.1–13.6) | 13.1 | (12.3–13.8) | 13.0 | (12.3–13.7) | 9.5 | 0.02 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 38.4 | (36.5–40.4) | 38.7 | (36.5–40.8) | 39.4 | (36.9–41.3) | 39.3 | (37.2–41.1) | 8.8 | 0.03 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 50.1 | (26.9–89.2) | 58.9 | (38.2–90.2) | 62.8 | (36.6–94.1) | 60.5 | (37.5–90.7) | 3.0 | 0.40 |
| Urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 15.0 | (12.0–19.0) | 15.0 | (12.0–18.0) c | 16.0 | (13.0–19.5) b | 15.0 | (13.0–19.0) | 10.3 | 0.02 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.80 | (0.7–0.9) b,d | 0.70 | (0.6–0.8) a,c | 0.77 | (0.7–0.9) b,d | 0.70 | (0.6–0.8) a,c | 28.6 | <0.01 |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 17.4 | (14.6–22.5) | 16.9 | (12.8–23.1) | 17.4 | (13.7–23.4) | 18.5 | (13.7–24.4) | 6.2 | 0.10 |
| PH (pg/mL) | 61.3 | (46.0–74.9) d | 63.7 | (49.8–84.4) | 66.7 | (50.7–84.9) | 66.9 | (53.0–85.3) a | 8.9 | 0.03 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 10.1 | (7.1–13.5) b | 8.7 | (6.9–10.7) a,c,d | 11.4 | (8.7–15.3) b,d | 9.2 | (7.3–11.9) b,c | 75.4 | <0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.31 | (2.2–4.3) b,d | 2.00 | (1.6–2.5) a,c,d | 3.67 | (2.7–5.0) b,d | 2.15 | (1.6–2.8) a,b,c | 271.4 | <0.01 |
| TyG Index | 4.93 | (4.7–5.1) b,d | 4.69 | (4.5–4.9) a,c | 4.90 | (4.7–5.1) b,d | 4.68 | (4.5–4.9) a,c | 143.9 | <0.01 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 130.0 | (98.0–159.0) b,d | 93.0 | (88.0–100.8) a,c | 129.0 | (113.5–144.5) b,d | 94.0 | (89.0–101.0) a,c | 479.1 | <0.01 |
| HbA1 C (%) | 6.9 | (6.2–7.9) | 6.9 | (6.4–7.6) | ||||||
Note: p-values are from the Kruskal–Wallis (K-W) test. Significantly different (p < 0.05) from the: a Sarcopenic diabetes group, b Sarcopenia alone group, c Diabetes alone group, and d Non-sarcopenia and non-diabetes group. Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc analyses were used to identify any group difference. IQR: interquartile range, Q: quartile (Q1: 25th percentile, Q3: 75th percentile), TC: total cholesterol, HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol, PH: parathyroid hormone, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, TyG Index: triglyceride-glucose index, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c was measured only for those who were being treated for diabetes or whose FPG was greater than or equal to126 mg/dL), n: number of participants.