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. 2023 Nov 30;28(23):7874. doi: 10.3390/molecules28237874

Table 3.

Biological test assays and mechanisms of other biological activities of diphyllin as well as its derivatives.

Compound Number
in Original References		 Activity Biological Tests and Assays Mechanisms References
diphyllin antibacterial and antibiofilm MIC, MBC, biofilm disruption assay, ROS and PI staining membrane damage and intracellular DNA degradation, ROS generation [62]
ciliatoside A and ciliatoside B anti-inflammation LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cell model unreported [65]
diphyllin anti-obesity SRB differentiation and thermogenesis induction [66]
diphyllin anti-rheumatic diseases colorimetric calcium assay, TRAP activity measurement, von Kossa staining vacuolar-H+-ATPase inhibition, osteochondral CTX-I release inhibition, Ca2+ concentration and TRAP activity decrease, and cell viability increase [67]