Table 2.

Related research on blockchain.

Reference	Year	Pros	Cons	Practicality	Real-Time Applications
[17]	2020	Leverages blockchain for secure and tamper-proof storage of trust information.	Need for further validation and evaluation in real-world IoT scenarios.	✓	✓
[60]	2021	Uses data-driven approaches to detect and mitigate attacks.	Need for practical implementation and evaluation in real-world IoT deployments.	✓	✓
[61]	2021	Explores security concerns in fog computing and potential solutions using blockchain.	Lack of in-depth analysis and specific implementation details for blockchain solutions in fog computing.	✓	✓
[62]	2022	Explores the applications, benefits, and challenges of blockchain.	Some security aspects discussed may become outdated over time.	×	×
[63]	2023	Analyzes the challenges and opportunities of integrating blockchain into trust-management systems.	Fast-evolving nature of blockchain and IoT technologies may require frequent updates.	✓	✓
[64]	2022	Identifies the benefits, challenges, and potential applications of integrating blockchain with cloud computing.	Findings may become outdated due to the rapidly evolving nature of blockchain technology.	×	×
[65]	2022	Presents an overview of blockchain-based security solutions for IoT.	Lack of empirical evaluations and case studies to demonstrate the practical effectiveness of reviewed approaches.	×	×