Table 5.

Deployment models for proposed framework in smart healthcare CPS.

Model Type	Advantages	Disadvantages
Centralized [83]	Simplicity: Straightforward and easy to implement, especially for smaller-scale smart healthcare CPS. Control: Allows for easier management and coordination of security measures.	Single point of failure (SPOF): The centralized entity becomes an SPOF. Scalability issues: Challenges in scaling up for larger and more complex healthcare systems.
Hybrid [84]	Combines centralization and decentralization: Offers a balance between control and resilience. Scalability: More scalable than a purely centralized approach.	Complexity: Introduces complexity due to integration between centralized and decentralized components.
Fully Decentralized [85]	Resilience: More resilient against SPOF. Security: Improved security due to the absence of a central authority.	Complexity: Complex to implement and manage. Scalability challenges: Challenges, especially in large-scale smart healthcare CPS.
Fog Computing [86]	Reduced latency: Reduces latency and improves real-time decision making. Enhanced privacy: Reduces the need to transmit sensitive information across the network.	Consistency challenges: Ensuring consistent trust assessments across edge devices may require additional coordination mechanisms.
Cloud-Based [87]	Scalability: Allows for scalability by leveraging cloud resources. Resource management: Can better manage computational resources.	Dependency on cloud service providers (CSP): Reliance on external CSPs introduces a dependency. Security concerns: Security concerns due to the centralization of data.
Mesh Network [88]	Redundancy: Provides redundancy and resilience. Adaptability: Well-suited for dynamic healthcare environments.	Complex routing: Challenges in ensuring timely and efficient communication for trust parameter exchange. Resource consumption: Consumes more energy and resources compared to other models.