Table 12.

Performance comparison of GBG-RPL and BCPS-RPL.

Metric	GBG-RPL	BCPS-RPL	% Improvement
Packet Loss Ratio	0.375	0.404	7.18%
Residual Energy	0.635	0.559	11.97%
Energy Consumption	0.04768	0.0591	19.27%
Attack-Detection Rate	0.77	0.688	10.65%
Avg. Attack-Detection Time (30 nodes)	14.33	17.67	18.88%
Message Overhead	9435	12050	21.65%
End-to-End Delay (30 nodes)	0.907	1.267	28.34%