Table 1.

Comparison of circRNA therapy and other approaches.

	Viral vector	DNA	mRNA	CircRNA
Expression duration	Years	Weeks	Days	Weeks
Delivery	Efficient transduction into postmitotic cells	The non-viral delivery system is inefficient, but its cytotoxicity and immunogenicity are generally low	The non-viral delivery system is inefficient, but its cytotoxicity and immunogenicity are generally low	The non-viral delivery system is inefficient, but its cytotoxicity and immunogenicity are generally low
Safety	May induce mutagenesis, with high cytotoxicity and immunogenicity	May induce mutagenesis	Do not induce mutagenesis	Do not induce mutagenesis
Manufacture	Cell-based production and high manufacturing cost	Easy to produce and manufacture cost-effectively	Easy to produce and manufacture cost-effectively	Easy to produce and manufacture cost-effectively
Limitation	It is not suitable for repeated doses because of its immunogenicity and the size of the cargo is limited	It is very difficult to transduce into postmitotic cells	It is unstable and not suitable for long-term expression	It is more stable than mRNA, but its expression duration depends on the life cycle of the host cell