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. 2023 Nov 15;9(12):e22400. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22400

Table 5.

The effects of EID on EP.


VARIABLES
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
EP EP EP
HP
EP
NHP
EID 0.0117*** 0.0110*** 0.0085*** 0.0126***
(5.3904) (5.1005) (2.7145) (4.3791)
State 0.2776** 0.4259* 0.1871
(2.4224) (1.7432) (1.4366)
Leverage −0.1252 0.0115 −0.1242
(-0.8621) (0.0488) (-0.6800)
Size 0.1221*** 0.1100 0.1379***
(2.9076) (1.5396) (2.7190)
Growth −0.0759*** −0.0006 −0.0904***
(-3.4890) (-0.0119) (-3.6486)
Holder1 −0.0012 −0.0001 −0.0015
(-0.4950) (-0.0172) (-0.4492)
Constant 0.6598*** 0.1815 −0.0273 0.2161
(14.4483) (0.8785) (-0.0814) (0.8203)
Obs 10,402 10,402 3289 7113
R2 0.097 0.102 0.121 0.097
Firms 1125 1125 373 812
Firm FE YES YES YES YES
Year FE YES YES YES YES

Note: t-statistics are presented in parentheses. *, ** and *** represent significance levels of 10 %, 5 % and 1 %, respectively.