Table 5.
Prevalence and missing data estimates, for exposures to CM and/or parental DVA.
| Study sample (ALSPAC) |
Houtepen et al. (2018) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-imputation N (%) |
Pre-imputation N (%) |
Pre-imputation N (%) |
Imputed dataseta % (95% CI) |
ACE-derived group: pre-imputation |
Imputed dataset % N (%) |
||
| Exposure | Observations N (%) |
||||||
| Total |
Male |
Female |
Total 6252 (100) |
Total |
Total |
||
| 6252 (100) | 3018 (48.3) | 3234 (51.7) | Male 3018 (48.3) | Female 3234 (51.7) | 12,087 (100) | ||
| Any form of CM | |||||||
| Yes | 2282 (49.0) | 1078 (50.0) | 1204 (48.2) | 42.0 (40.0–43.9) | 41.5 (39.7–43.3) | ND | ND |
| No | 2373 (51.0) | 1078 (50.0) | 1295 (51.8) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 1597 (25.5) | 862 (28.6) | 735 (22.7) | ||||
| Parental DVA | |||||||
| Yes | 1026 (18.7) | 512 (18.9) | 514 (18.4) | 19.5 (18.0–20.1) | 19.2 (17.7–20.7) | 6419 (19.1) | 24.1 |
| No | 4474 (81.3) | 2200 (81.1) | 2274 (81.6) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 752 (12.0) | 306 (10.1) | 446 (13.8) | ||||
| Any CM and/or parental DVA | |||||||
| Yes | 2733 (58.3) | 1299 (58.8) | 1434 (57.8) | 49.0 (47.0–52.9) | 49.1 (47.2–51.0) | ND | ND |
| No | 1956 (41.7) | 909 (41.2) | 1047 (42.2) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 1563 (25.0) | 810 (26.8) | 753 (23.3) | ||||
| Parental DVA (YPA5050) b | |||||||
| Yes | 134 (4.8) | 41 (4.1) | 93 (5.3) | 4.3 (3.1–5.4) | 5.7 (4.7–6.7) | ND | ND |
| No | 2636 (95.2) | 968 (95.9) | 1668 (94.7) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 3482 (55.7) | 2009 (66.6) | 1473 (45.5) | ||||
| Any CM and/or parental DVA (YPA5050) b | |||||||
| Yes | 2318 (66.0) | 1089 (71.2) | 1229 (61.9) | 43.2 (41.2–45.2) | 43.3 (41.4–45.2) | ND | ND |
| No | 1195 (34.0) | 440 (28.8) | 755 (38.1) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 2739 (43.8) | 1489 (49.3) | 1250 (38.7) | ||||
| Individual exposures | |||||||
| Physical abuse | |||||||
| Yes | 891 (15.2) | 397 (14.0) | 494 (18.0) | 14.0 (12.7–15.2) | 16.5 (15.2–17.8) | 6447 (14.9) | 17.6 |
| No | 4959 (84.8) | 2433 (86.0) | 2256 (82.0) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 402 (6.4) | 188 (6.2) | 214 (6.6) | ||||
| Sexual abuse | |||||||
| Yes | 193 (3.1) | 35 (1.2) | 158 (4.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 5.0 (4.2–5.7) | 9120 (2.8) | 3.7 |
| No | 5983 (96.9) | 2941 (98.8) | 3042 (95.1) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 76 (1.2) | 42 (1.4) | 34 (1.1) | ||||
| Emotional abuse | |||||||
| Yes | 1140 (19.1) | 543 (18.7) | 597 (19.4) | 18.7 (17.3–20.1) | 19.5 (18.1–20.9) | 6921 (19.3) | 22.5 |
| No | 4838 (80.9) | 2361 (81.3) | 2477 (80.6) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 274 (4.4) | 114 (3.8) | 160 (4.9) | ||||
| Emotional neglect | |||||||
| Yes | 873 (19.2) | 449 (21.4) | 424 (17.3) | 21.7 (19.9–23.4) | 17.6 (16.1–19.1) | 5716 (19.3) | 22.1 |
| No | 3670 (80.8) | 1649 (78.6) | 2021 (82.7) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 1709 (27.3) | 920 (30.5) | 789 (24.4) | ||||
| Subject to IPV as a YP | |||||||
| Yes | 292 (10.0) | 163 (11.9) | 129 (8.3) | 11.7 (10.2–13.2) | 8.0 (6.8–9.2) | 4003 (10.8) | 13.9 |
| No | 2636 (90) | 1203 (88.1) | 1433 (91.7) | ||||
| Missing (% of ALSPAC total) | 3324 (53.2) | 1652 (54.7) | 1672 (51.7) | ||||
Abbreviations: CM, child maltreatment; DVA, domestic violence and abuse; IPV, intimate partner violence; ND, Not done; YP, young person.
a
Total observations = 6252 (3018 male, 3234 female).
b
Variable YPA5050: Child report of awareness of parental DVA during childhood.