TABLE 7.
Postprandial studies investigating the effects of FA composition on vascular function in healthy adults and adults with CVD risk factors1
| Reference | Study design | Age and BMI of subject group (n) | Meal components | Energy (kcal) | Macronutrient composition | Fat source(s) | FA composition | Parameter of vascular function (h) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortés et al. [62] | Crossover Randomized |
Healthy control 32 ± 8 y 24.7 ± 3.0 kg/m2n = 12 (9 M, 3 F) Hypercholesterolemic 45 ± 13 y 26.3 ± 3.5 kg/m2n = 12 (11 M, 1 F) |
Both meals 100 g white bread 75 g salami 50 g fatty cheese 125 yogurt (10%) Water ad libitum In addition Olive oil or walnuts |
Both meals 1200 |
Both meals 63% fat (80 g total fat) 15% protein 22% CHO |
Olive oil meal 25 mL olive oil |
Olive oil meal 35% SFA 38 % MUFA (olive oil: 78% C18:1 n–9) 7% PUFA |
FMD (%) Ultrasound, brachial artery (0, 4 h) |
Healthy control Olive oil: decrease in FMD from baseline (−17%) Walnut meal: no postprandial change in FMD Hypercholesterolemic Olive oil: decrease in FMD from baseline (−36%) Walnut meal: increase in FMD from baseline (+24%) |
| Walnut meal 40 g shelled walnuts |
Walnut meal 35% SFA 23% MUFA 23% PUFA (5.4 g C18:3 n–3) |
||||||||
| Cutruzzolà et al. [63] | Crossover Randomized Sonographer was blinded to meal type |
Healthy control 25 ± 3 y 22.3 ± 1.8 kg/m2n = 6 (6 M, 0 F) T1DM 28 ± 8 y 24.2 ± 3.0 kg/m2n = 10 (7 M, 3 F) |
Both meals 80 g white rice 200 g potatoes 140 g lean beef 100 mL water In addition Butter or extra virgin olive oil |
Both meals 900 |
Butter meal 39.7 g (40%) fat 40.9 g (17%) protein 100.5 g (43%) CHO |
Butter meal 40 g butter |
Butter meal 21.7 g SFA 11.6 g MUFA 2.6 g PUFA |
FMD (%) Ultrasound, brachial artery (0, 1, 3, 5 h) |
Healthy control No significant postprandial changes in FMD T1DM Significantly higher FMD after olive oil meal compared with butter meal (P = 0.007) |
| Olive oil meal 41.1 g (40%) fat 38.5 g (17%) protein 100.1 g (43%) CHO |
Olive oil meal 35 g extra virgin olive oil |
Olive oil meal 7.7 g SFA 28.0 g MUFA 4.6 g PUFA |
Abbreviations: CHO, carbohydrate; CVD, cardiovascular disease; FA, fatty acid; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus.
1
Age and BMI are given as mean ± SD.