Table 2.

List of observed phenotypes conferred by mutations in XLG gene(s) in various plants

XLG mutants	Plant	XLG mutant phenotype	References
xlg2c	Arabidopsis thaliana	Unable to promote early flowering	Heo et al. (2012)
xlg 1/2/3 triple mutant	Arabidopsis thaliana	Longer roots than the wild-type	Ding et al. (2008)
xlg1/2/3 triple mutant	Arabidopsis thaliana	Numerous stomata	Roy Choudhury et al. (2020)
xlg1/2/3 triple mutant	Arabidopsis thaliana	Improper development of stamen and tapetum	Wang et al. (2017)
Osxlg1 (pxlg1)	Oryza sativa	More panicles	Cui et al. (2020)
Osxlg2-1	Oryza sativa	Longer grains	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg4-1	Oryza sativa	Longer grains	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg1-1	Oryza sativa	Shorter grains	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg1-2, 4–2; Osxlg2-5, 4–2 double mutants	Oryza sativa	Reduction in grain size	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg1,2,4–3; Osxlg1,2,4–5; Osxlg1,2,4–6 triple mutants	Oryza sativa	Reduction in grain size	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg1-1, Osxlg2-1, Osxlg4-1 single mutants	Oryza sativa	Improved growth, improved aerial biomass, more tillers	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg1 single mutants	Oryza sativa	Marginally increased plant height, longer grains and panicles, increased seed weight	Zhao et al. (2022)
Osxlg3 single mutants	Oryza sativa	Shorter plants, shorter panicles and smaller grains	Zhao et al. (2022)
ZmXLG1, ZmXLG3a, ZmXLG3b triple mutants	Zea mays	Delay in development, lethality at seedling stage	Wu et al. (2018)
PpXLG mutant	Physcomitrium patens	Unable to mature into sporophytes	Hackenberg et al. (2016)
xlg3	Arabidopsis thaliana	Hypersensitivity to ethylene	Ding et al. (2008)
xlg1/2/3 triple mutant	Arabidopsis thaliana	Hypersensitivity to cadmium	Urano et al. (2016)
xlg2-1, xlg3-1 single mutants	Arabidopsis thaliana	Hypersensitivity to tunicamycin	Chakravorty et al. (2015)
Osxlg1-1, Osxlg2-1, Osxlg4-1 single mutants	Oryza sativa	Shoot and root lengths were equivalent to WT under basal and salt conditions	Biswal et al. (2022)
Osxlg4	Oryza sativa	Exhibited increased tolerance to cold and drought stress	Cantos et al. (2023)
Atxlg2	Arabidopsis thaliana	More susceptibility to P. syringae	Zhu et al. (2009)
xlg1 xlg2 xlg3 triple mutants	Arabidopsis thaliana	Impaired activation of MAPK cascades, more susceptible to pathogen	Wang et al. (2023)
Nbxlg3,5 and Nbxlg4	Nicotiana benthamiana	Less ROS production and reduced expression of PTI5 and ACRE31 when infected by P. syringae or S.sclerotiorum or P. parasitica	Li et al. (2022)
BjuXLG-RNAi lines	Brassica juncea	Progression of disease and deposition of fungal mass, reduced production of glucosinolates when infected by S. sclerotiorum	Tiwari et al. (2021)
Knock down of BjuXLGs (BjuXLG1, BjuXLG2 and BjuXLG3)	Brassica juncea	Decreased expression of defense marker genes	Tiwari et al. (2021)
Osxlg1	Oryza sativa	Susceptible to the bacterial pathogen X. oryzae	Zhao et al. (2022)
Osxlg2, Osxlg3	Oryza sativa	Impaired resistance to M. oryzae	Zhao et al. (2022)