Table 2.
Joint contractures according to the goniometer measurements.
| Hip extension | Knee extension | Ankle dorsiflexion (knee flexed) | Ankle dorsiflexion (knee extended) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | 25.87 (3.14) | − 0.53 (1.30) | 11.67 (7.48) | 7.13 (7.11) |
| n | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
Mean (standard deviation) passive range of motion is presented for the 15/17 participants with cerebral palsy assessed. Values were compared to the age-normative passive range of motion reported by Mudge et al.50 (knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion) and Sankar et al.51 (hip extension). A contracture was reported if the range of motion was 6°, 4°, and 8° lower than the minimum normative value for the hip extension51, knee extension52 and ankle dorsiflexion53, respectively. A negative value represents flexion angle for the hip and knee extension, and plantarflexion angle for the ankle dorsiflexion. The distribution (n) of joint contracture is presented for each measurement.