Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| No. of participants | 14 |
| Age, years | 67±6 |
| Female sex | 7 (50) |
| White race | 14 (100) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.3±4.9 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 19±8 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 58±9 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.4±0.9 |
| Glucose-lowering treatment | |
| Long-acting insulin | 13 (93) |
| Short-acting insulin | 10 (71) |
| Metformin | 12 (86) |
| Sulfonylureas | 4 (29) |
| GLP-1 analogues | 2 (14) |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 1 (7) |
| Duration of insulin use, years | 13±9 |
| Total insulin dose, U/day | 55±26 |
| Microvascular complications | |
| Retinopathy | 3 (21) |
| Nephropathy | 3 (21) |
| Neuropathy | 3 (21) |
| Serum magnesium, mmol/l | 0.73±0.05 |
| Serum creatinine, µmol/l | 81±20 |
| Serum triglycerides, mmol/l | 2.3±1.3 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 139±13 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 71±10 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; SGLT2, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2