Table 2.
Presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychotropic medication use in EOAD and EOnonAD
| A. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NPI-Q | ||||
| Affective composite | n=205 154 (75.1%) |
n=68 54 (79.4%) |
.148 | .595 |
| Depression | n=206 102 (49.5%) |
n=68 36 (52.9%) |
.354 | .764 |
| Apathy | n=204 72 (35.3%) |
n=68 38 (55.9%) |
<.001 | .316 |
| Anxiety | n=205 91 (44.4%) |
n=68 31 (45.6%) |
.305 | .734 |
| Distress-tension composite | n=206 97 (47.1%) |
n=68 43 (63.2%) |
.020 | .498 |
| Irritability | n=206 85 (41.3%) |
n=67 39 (58.2%) |
.018 | .498 |
| Agitation | n=207 63 (30.4%) |
n=67 23 (34.3%) |
.506 | .814 |
| Impulse control composite | n=206 57 (27.7%) |
n=67 27 (40.3%) |
.012 | .438 |
| Disinhibition | n=206 34 (16.5%) |
n=67 18 (26.9%) |
.041 | .476 |
| Elation | n=205 9 (4.4%) |
n=68 5 (7.4%) |
.336 | .565 |
| Motor Behavior | n=206 36 (17.5%) |
n=68 15 (22.1%) |
.178 | .600 |
| Psychosis composite | n=207 28 (13.5%) |
n=68 9 (13.2%) |
.847 | .914 |
| Delusions | n=207 21 (10.1%) |
n=68 8 (11.8%) |
.585 | .758 |
| Hallucinations | n=207 13 (6.3%) |
n=68 5 (7.4%) |
.111 | .726 |
| Sleep changes | n=201 60 (29.9%) |
n=68 27 (39.7%) |
.133 | .618 |
| Total NPI-Q score (M,SD) * | n=212 2.76 (2.34) |
n=70 3.50 (2.60) |
.002 | .033 |
| GDS-SF | ||||
| Total Score, (M, SD) * | n=212 2.66 (2.57) |
n=70 3.5 (2.62) |
.002 | .034 |
| B. Psychotropic Medications | ||||
| EOAD n (%) n = 210 |
EOnonAD n (%) n = 68 |
p value | Effect size (Cohen W) |
|
| Anticonvulsants | 2 (0.95%) | 2 (2.94%) | .252 | .072 |
| Antidepressants ** | 41 (19.52%) | 17 (25.00%) | .334 | .058 |
| Antihistamines | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (7.35%) | <.001 | .238 |
| Antipsychotics | 4 (1.90%) | 3 (4.41%) | .367 | .069 |
| Anxiolytics | 1 (0.48%) | 1 (1.47%) | .430 | .051 |
| Benzodiazepines | 5 (2.38%) | 5 (7.35%) | .068 | .115 |
| Cholinesterase Inhibitors ** | 20 (9.52%) | 3 (4.41%) | .183 | .08 |
| Hypnotics | 1 (0.48%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1.00 | .034 |
| Mood Stabilizers | 4 (1.90%) | 5 (7.35%) | .042 | .132 |
| NMDA-receptor antagonists ** | 19 (9.05%) | 2 (2.94%) | .098 | .099 |
| Stimulants | 5 (2.38%) | 2 (2.94%) | .681 | .015 |
| Total medications | 69 (32.86%) | 30 (44.12%) | .110 | .101 |
| Subset of NPS medications | 50 (23.81%) | 26 (38.24%) | .028 | .139 |
Note: EOAD = Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease, EOnonAD = Early-Onset non-Alzheimer’s Disease, NPI-Q = neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire, GDS-SF = Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form, OR = odds ratio, M = mean, SD = standard deviation. Subset of neuropsychiatric (NPS) medication = antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, benzodiazepines, hypnotics, mood stabilizers, and stimulants. P values for NPI-Q categories of behavior and individual symptoms reflect binary logistic regression. Effect sizes are odds ratios (OR) with EOnonAD as the reference group adjusting for sex and disease severity (CDR-sum of boxes [SB]). P values for NPI-Q total and GDS-SF analyses reflect linear regression models. Effect sizes are calculated as partial eta squared adjusting for sex and disease severity (CDR-SB). P values for psychotropic medications reflect Fisher Exact Test between EOAD and EOnonAD except where otherwise specified. Effect sizes for psychotropic medications were calculated using Cohen W. Bolded values reflect statistical significance (p < .05).
Chi square analyses conducted instead of Fisher’s Exact Test