Table 3.
Time-dependent changes of fatigue level, sleep quality, cognitive functions, and quality of life values
| Aerobic exercise group (n=16) | Strength exercise group (n=11) | Control group (n=16) | Brunner Langer model (Interaction effect) | The comparison of the pre- and post-exercise difference values among the groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | Before | After | Before | After | |||
| FIS | 67 (40–123) | 59 (40–103) | 75 (42–160) | 66 (42–104) | 71 (40–132) | 59 (42–123) | p=0.808¥ | p=0.689 |
| p=0.256 | p=0.04* | p=0.012* | ||||||
| PSQI | 6.5 (2–15) | 4.5 (2–13) | 8 (2–12) | 5 (2–11) | 5 (3–15) | 6 (2–15) | p=0.003¥¥ | pa=0.041¥ pb=0.033¥ pc=1.000 |
| p=0.006** | p=0.002** | p=0.211 | ||||||
| BVMT-R | 29 (13–34) | 32 (18–35) | 30 (13–35) | 32 (11–34) | 27 (13–34) | 30 (12–36) | p=0.062¥¥ | p=0.202 |
| p=0.005** | p=0.625 | p=0.04* | ||||||
| SDMT | 46 (29–61) | 48 (32–81) | 42 (26–70) | 52 (28–81) | 49 (18–96) | 46 (29–73) | p=0.019¥¥ | p=0.112 |
| p=0.029* | p=0.002** | p=0.897 | ||||||
| CVLT II | 62.5 (38–83) | 66.5 (39–79) | 54 (36–74) | 62 (41–75) | 53.5 (41–72) | 60 (40–83) | p=0.899¥ | p=0.840 |
| p=0.003** | p=0.007** | p<0.001** | ||||||
| MSQoL54 Mental health composite summary | 67 (29–95) | 77 (49–96) | 55 (9–88) | 69 (35–90) | 66 (24–96) | 70 (29–94) | p=0.034¥¥ | pa=0.068 pb=0.163 pc=1.000 |
| p<0.001** | p=0.004** | p=0.773 | ||||||
| MSQoL54 Physical health composite summary | 62 (33–82) | 72 (63–89) | 61 (22–86) | 70 (35–91) | 68 (38–95) | 64 (34–92) | p=0.002¥¥ | pa=0.003§§ pb=0.077 pc=1.000 |
| p<0.001** | p=0.007** | p=0.515 | ||||||
Values are expressed as median (minimum – maximum) BICAMS: The Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis BVMT-R: Brief Visuo-spatial Memory Test Revised SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test CVLT II: California Verbal Learning Test II MSQoL-54:Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life – 54
pa=Control × Aerobic, pb=Control × Strength, pc=Aerobic × Strength
: Brunner Langer model analysis, p>0.10 indicates that there is no interaction between the independent variables
: Brunner Langer model analysis, p<0.10 indicates an interaction between the independent variables (since the interaction was significant, additional analyses were done. Initially, the differences between pre– and post-exercise values were analyzed with Brunner Langer model analysis in each group, the differences between the first and last measurements among the groups were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis Test)
: p<0.05,
: p<0.01 (significant differences between pre- and post-exercise values within each group) §: p<0.05,
: p<0.01(significant differences between pre- and post-exercise values within each group)