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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10(2):193–206. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2023.8

Table 4.

Hazard ratio of developing ADRD by a history of CVD, stroke, hypertension and diabetes in men with prostate cancer with up to 26-year follow-up from 1991 to 2016 considering death as competing risk

Characteristics Hazard ratio (95% CI)* of developing ADRD** by CVD, stroke, hypertension and diabetes
AD Vascular DLB FTD MCI Others Total
Cardiovascular disease
 Yes vs. No 1.09(1.06-1.14) 1.17(1.11-1.23) 0.93(0.83-1.05) 1.01(0.78-1.30) 1.00(0.92-1.09) 1.17(1.15-1.20) 1.17(1.15-1.20)
Stroke
 Yes vs. No 1.30(1.28-1.32) 1.31(1.29-1.33) 1.27(1.26-1.29) 1.27(1.25-1.29) 1.28(1.26-1.30) 1.38(1.36-1.4) 1.40(1.38-1.42)
Hypertension
 Yes vs. No 1.04(1.03-1.05) 1.05(1.04-1.06) 1.04(1.03-1.06) 1.04(1.03-1.06) 1.05(1.04-1.06) 1.06(1.05-1.07) 1.06(1.05-1.07)
Diabetes
 Yes vs. No 1.24(1.23-1.25) 1.25(1.24-1.27) 1.25(1.24-1.27) 1.25(1.24-1.27) 1.25(1.24-1.27) 1.24(1.23-1.25) 1.24(1.22-1.25)
Age (years)
 65-69 1.00(ref) 1.00(ref) 1.00(ref) 1.00(ref) 1.00(ref) 1.00(ref) 1.00(ref)
 70-74 1.05(1.48-1.52) 1.48(1.46-1.50) 1.48(1.46-1.50) 1.47(1.45-1.50) 1.47(1.45-1.49) 1.48(1.47-1.50) 1.48(1.46-1.50)
 75-79 2.27(2.24-2.30) 2.24(2.21-2.27) 2.22(2.19-2.26) 2.23(2.20-2.26) 2.21(2.18-2.24) 2.22(2.19-2.25) 2.21(2.18-2.24)
 80-84 3.40(3.35-3.46) 3.38(3.32-3.43) 3.36(3.31-3.42) 3.37(3.32-3.42) 3.32(3.26-3.37) 3.27(3.23-3.32) 3.25(3.20-3.30)
 85 or older 5.09(5.00-5.18) 5.09(5.00-5.19) 5.09(5.00-5.19) 5.11(5.02-5.21) 5.01(4.92-5.10) 4.86(4.78-4.95) 4.81(4.73-4.90)
Race/ethnicity
 NH-Whites 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 NH-Blacks 1.21(1.20-1.23) 1.21(1.20-1.23) 1.18(1.17-1.20) 1.19(1.17-1.20) 1.17(1.16-1.19) 1.22(1.20-1.24) 1.22(1.20-1.24)
 NH-Asians/P.Islanders 0.77(0.75-0.79) 0.75(0.73-0.77) 0.75(0.73-0.77) 0.75(0.73-0.77) 0.74(0.72-0.76) 0.78(0.76-0.80) 0.78(0.76-0.81)
 Hispanics 0.96(0.94-0.98) 0.94(0.92-0.96) 0.93(0.91-0.95) 0.93(0.91-0.95) 0.92(0.90-0.94) 0.99(0.97-1.01) 0.99(0.98-1.01)
 Others 0.91(0.87-0.94) 0.89(0.85-0.92) 0.89(0.85-0.92) 0.89(0.85-0.92) 0.88(0.84-0.91) 0.89(0.85-0.92) 0.89(0.86-0.93)
 unknown/missing 0.84(0.82-0.86) 0.83(0.81-0.86) 0.83(0.80-0.85) 0.83(0.80-0.85) 0.83(0.81-0.86) 0.86(0.83-0.88) 0.86(0.84-0.88)
Marital status
 Married 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Unmarried 1.30(1.29-1.32) 1.32(1.31-1.34) 1.31(1.30-1.33) 1.32(1.30-1.34) 1.28(1.26-1.29) 1.26(1.24-1.27) 1.24(1.23-1.26)
 Unknown 1.20(1.18-1.23) 1.21(1.19-1.23) 1.20(1.18-1.22) 1.21(1.18-1.23) 1.18(1.16-1.20) 1.16(1.14-1.18) 1.15(1.14-1.17)
Tumor stage
 Local/Regional 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Distant 3.61(3.55-3.67) 3.77(3.71-3.84) 3.89(3.83-3.96) 3.92(3.85-3.98) 3.84(3.78-3.91) 3.05(3.00-3.10) 2.97(2.93-3.02)
 Unknown/missing 1.41(1.38-1.43) 1.42(1.40-1.45) 1.43(1.41-1.46) 1.44(1.41-1.46) 1.42(1.39-1.45) 1.34(1.32-1.37) 1.34(1.31-1.36)
Tumor grade
 Well-differentiated 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 Moderately-differentiated 0.95(0.93-0.97) 0.95(0.93-0.97) 0.96(0.94-0.97) 0.95(0.94-0.97) 0.97(0.95-0.98) 0.95(0.93-0.97) 0.95(0.93-0.96)
 Poorly-differentiated 1.17(1.15-1.20) 1.19(1.17-1.22) 1.21(1.18-1.23) 1.21(1.18-1.23) 1.22(1.20-1.25) 1.13(1.11-1.15) 1.12(1.10-1.14)
 Unknown/Missing 1.38(1.35-1.41) 1.40(1.37-1.44) 1.42(1.38-1.45) 1.42(1.38-1.45) 1.43(1.39-1.46) 1.33(1.30-1.36) 1.32(1.29-1.35)
Chemotherapy
 Yes vs. No 1.29(1.26-1.32) 1.30(1.27-1.33) 1.31(1.28-1.34) 1.31(1.28-1.34) 1.30(1.27-1.33) 1.26(1.23-1.28) 1.25(1.22-1.28)
Radiotherapy
 Yes vs. No 0.87(0.87-0.88) 0.87(0.86-0.88) 0.87(0.86-0.88) 0.87(0.86-0.88) 0.88(0.87-0.89) 0.88(0.88-0.89) 0.89(0.88-0.89)
Androgen deprivation therapy
 Yes vs. No 0.89(0.87-0.91) 0.89(0.87-0.91) 0.88(0.86-0.90) 0.88(0.86-0.90) 0.88(0.86-0.90) 0.91(0.89-0.93) 0.91(0.90-0.93)
Comorbidity Scores
 0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
 1 1.33(1.31-1.34) 1.34(1.33-1.36) 1.34(1.33-1.36) 1.35(1.33-1.36) 1.33(1.32-1.35) 1.32(1.30-1.33) 1.31(1.30-1.33)
 ≥2 1.67(1.64-1.70) 1.70(1.68-1.73) 1.72(1.69-1.75) 1.72(1.69-1.75) 1.71(1.68-1.73) 1.63(1.60-1.66) 1.62(1.59-1.64)
SEER Areas
 Connecticut 1.28(1.26-1.31) 1.33(1.31-1.36) 1.32(1.30-1.35) 1.33(1.30-1.35) 1.29(1.27-1.32) 1.21(1.19-1.23) 1.19(1.17-1.21)
 Detroit 1.22(1.20-1.24) 1.22(1.20-1.24) 1.22(1.20-1.24) 1.22(1.20-1.24) 1.19(1.17-1.21) 1.15(1.13-1.16) 1.13(1.12-1.15)
 Hawaii 1.26(1.21-1.31) 1.30(1.25-1.35) 1.28(1.23-1.33) 1.29(1.24-1.34) 1.28(1.23-1.33) 1.23(1.19-1.28) 1.21(1.17-1.25)
 Iowa 1.35(1.32-1.37) 1.38(1.36-1.41) 1.41(1.38-1.43) 1.41(1.39-1.44) 1.37(1.34-1.39) 1.25(1.23-1.27) 1.22(1.20-1.24)
 New Mexico 1.35(1.32-1.39) 1.39(1.36-1.43) 1.41(1.37-1.45) 1.42(1.38-1.45) 1.39(1.35-1.42) 1.30(1.26-1.33) 1.27(1.24-1.30)
 Seattle 1.19(1.17-1.21) 1.24(1.22-1.27) 1.27(1.24-1.29) 1.28(1.25-1.30) 1.23(1.21-1.26) 1.00(0.98-1.02) 0.98(0.96-1.00)
 Utah 1.30(1.27-1.33) 1.34(1.31-1.37) 1.36(1.33-1.39) 1.37(1.33-1.40) 1.33(1.29-1.36) 1.20(1.17-1.22) 1.17(1.15-1.20)
 Georgia 1.27(1.25-1.30) 1.29(1.27-1.32) 1.32(1.30-1.35) 1.33(1.30-1.36) 1.30(1.27-1.32) 1.14(1.12-1.16) 1.12(1.10-1.14)
 Kentucky 1.39(1.36-1.43) 1.40(1.36-1.43) 1.42(1.39-1.46) 1.43(1.39-1.46) 1.37(1.34-1.41) 1.34(1.31-1.37) 1.31(1.28-1.33)
 Louisiana 1.25(1.22-1.28) 1.29(1.26-1.32) 1.32(1.29-1.35) 1.33(1.29-1.36) 1.28(1.25-1.31) 1.09(1.07-1.11) 1.07(1.04-1.09)
 New Jersey 1.06(1.04-1.08) 1.04(1.02-1.06) 1.03(1.02-1.05) 1.03(1.01-1.05) 1.04(1.02-1.06) 1.04(1.03-1.06) 1.05(1.03-1.07)
 California 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
*

Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity marital status, tumor stage, tumor grade, comorbidity score, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, androgen deprivation therapy, year of diagnosis, and SEER areas;

**

see Methods section or footnote in Table-1 for the description of abbreviations.