Table 3.

Clinical Trials Assessing the Effect of Intraoperative Use of Lidocaine on Cancer Outcomes

Author	Cancer	Study Type	Dose	Cancer Outcome
Zhang et al52	Pancreatic	Retrospective	Lidocaine bolus of 1.5 mg kg−1 followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg kg−1 h−1 intraoperatively	Prolonged OS
Zhang et al49	Pancreatic	RCT	Lidocaine bolus of 1.5 mg kg−1 followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg kg−1 h−1 intraoperatively	No effect in OS
Zhang et al50	Ovarian	Retrospective	Lidocaine bolus of 1.5 mg kg−1 followed by a continuous infusion of 2 mg kg−1 h−1 intraoperatively	Improved OS and DFS

Abbreviations: OS, overall survival; RCT, randomized controlled trial; DFS, disease free-survival.