. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 9.

Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Mar 13;115:105023. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105023

Table 3.

Model estimates of optimism in mediating individual CTQ subscales and PTSD symptom severity.

CTQ Subscale (X)	Path a (X → M)		Path b (M → Y)		Path c (X → Y; Total Effect)		Indirect Effect	R²	Achieved Power

	B_a (SE)	P	B_b (SE)	P	B_c (SE)	P	B_ab [95% CT]		1-β
Emotional Abuse	−.270 (.068)	<.001^*	−.794 (.309)	.012^*	.655 (.220)	.004^*	.215 [.038, .455]	.115^*	.88
Physical Abuse	−.290 (.078)	<.001^*	−.810 (.307)	.001^*	.727 (251)	.005^*	.235 [.043, .504]	.112^*	.87
Sexual Abuse	−.122 (.068)	.076	−.908 (.292)	.002^*	.522 (211)	.015^*	.111 [−018, .295]	.093^*	.79
Emotional Neglect	−.213 (.079)	.009^*	−.969 (.303)	.002^*	.338 (.256)	.190	.207 [.246, .492]	.055	.52
Physical Neglect	−.188 (.097)	.056	−.965 (.298)	.002^*	.420 (.308)	.175	.181 [.007, .415]	.057	.54

Note. B= unstandardized path coefficient; SE= standard error; CTQ= Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; X= CTQ subscale as predictor variable; M= optimism as mediator variable; Y= PTSD symptom severity as outcome variable; R² = coefficient of multiple determination.

Bolded text indicate significant indirect effects.

p<.05