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. 2023 Dec 9;13:21835. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-48777-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Combining CTS and TMZ treatments synergistically induce oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. (A) Representative images (left panels) and quantification (right panels) of comet assays of LN229 human GBM cells treated with the indicated concentrations of TMZ and CTS. (B) The combination of CTS and TMZ treatments synergistically induced DNA damage, as confirmed by western blot analysis. (C) Representative images (left panels) and quantification (right panels) of apoptosis following the combination of CTS and TMZ treatments in LN229 cells (***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05).