TABLE 2.
Methodological quality results of the included studies.
| Selection | Comparability | Exposure | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | Score |
| Mushtaq and coworkers (2019) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Calderón‐Pérez and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | |||
| Takagi and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | |||
| Zhu and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Nakai and coworkers (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Silveira‐Nunes and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Wan and coworkers (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Dan and coworkers (2019) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Li and coworkers (2017) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Yan and coworkers (2017) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Qu and coworkers (2022) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Wang JM and coworkers (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Liu and coworkers (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | |||
| Chen and coworkers (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Jackson and coworkers (2018) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | |||
| Palmu and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Verhaar and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Wang Y and coworkers (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
| Sun and coworkers (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | ||
Note: A, adequate case definition or representativeness of the exposed cohort; B, representativeness of cases or selection of non‐exposed queues; C, selection of controls or determination of exposure; D, definition of controls or no outcome event occurred before the start of the research object; E, controlled for age; F, controlled for additional factors; G, ascertainment of exposure or evaluation of outcome events; H, same method for cases and controls or adequacy of follow‐up; I, non‐response rate or integrity of follow‐up.