Table 2.
Group 3 demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with a painful aseptic total joint arthroplasty and a history of metal allergya.
| Characteristic | Group 3 Unvaccinated, Painful TJA and Metal Allergy History (n = 98) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Painful TJA and Metal Allergy History (n = 98) | % | |
| Mean (min–max) age, y | 63 (33–84) | – |
| Gender, n | ||
| Women | 95 | 97% |
| Men | 3 | 3% |
| Implant, nb | ||
| TKA | 98 | 100% |
| Mean (min–max) age of implant, y | 1.52, (1–2) | – |
| Mean (min–max) pain levelc | 6.3 (0–10) | – |
LTT, lymphocyte transformation test; TJA, total joint arthroplasty; TKA, total knee arthroplasty.
Patients with an aseptic painful TJA and history of metal allergy were randomly selected at time of analysis as a reference group to compare in vitro LTT stimulation index to implant metal(s) vs COVID-19-Spike-Protein antigen among adults who were unvaccinated or fully COVID-19 vaccinated to evaluate clinically important orthopaedic levels of metal reactivity.
Information including product name, manufacturer, and material of orthopaedic implant were not collected nor provided by participants.
Pain level was self-reported using the established visual analog scale scored from 0 to 10.