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. 2023 Nov 27;14:1245421. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1245421

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Copyright © 2023 Guha, Goswami, Sultana, Ganguly, Choudhury, Chakravarti, Bhuniya, Sarkar, Bera, Dhar, Das, Das, Baral, Bose and Banerjee

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The origin of BCSCs. Numerous theories are prevalent regarding the origin of BCSCs. According to one theory, genetic and epigenetic alternations of non-stem cells within the TME cause the dedifferentiation of these cells into CSCs. A second theory suggests the presence of unipotent progenitor cells which accumulate mutations over time to give rise to CSCs. A third theory predicts that CSCs arise from multipotent mammary stem cells that have undergone mutational changes.