Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of male participants according to smoking status.1
| Smoking status | Value of p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smoker (n = 1,992) | Ex-smoker (n = 2,988) | Current smoker (n = 2,669) | ||
| Age (years), N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| 19–29 | 479 (24.1) | 108 (3.6) | 387 (14.5) | |
| 30–39 | 370 (18.6) | 298 (10.0) | 624 (23.4) | |
| 40–49 | 329 (16.5) | 511 (17.1) | 589 (22.1) | |
| 50–59 | 244 (12.2) | 581 (19.4) | 512 (19.2) | |
| 60–69 | 252 (12.6) | 736 (24.6) | 333 (12.5) | |
| ≥70 | 318 (16.0) | 754 (25.3) | 224 (8.3) | |
| BMI2 (kg/m^2), N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <18.5 | 40 (2.0) | 49 (1.6) | 102 (3.8) | |
| 18.5–22.9 | 671 (33.7) | 859 (28.8) | 838 (31.4) | |
| 23.0–24.9 | 518 (26.1) | 816 (27.3) | 667 (25.0) | |
| ≥25.0 | 760 (38.2) | 1,262 (42.3) | 1,062 (39.8) | |
| Household income, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 337 (17.0) | 566 (19.0) | 493 (14.8) | |
| Mid-low | 472 (23.8) | 754 (25.3) | 694 (26.1) | |
| Mid-high | 539 (27.2) | 787 (26.4) | 777 (29.2) | |
| High | 633 (32.0) | 873 (29.3) | 795 (29.9) | |
| Educational level, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Under high school | 331 (17.2) | 818 (28.2) | 419 (16.6) | |
| High school | 374 (19.5) | 822 (28.4) | 825 (32.6) | |
| College or more | 11,524 (63.3) | 1,258 (43.4) | 1,284 (50.8) | |
| Physical activity, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| High | 384 (20.6) | 405 (14.5) | 424 (17.8) | |
| Moderate | 360 (19.3) | 601 (21.5) | 358 (15.1) | |
| Low | 1,121 (60.1) | 1,789 (64.0) | 1,597 (67.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| None | 259 (14.5) | 506 (17.5) | 214 (8.2) | |
| ≤1/mo | 624 (34.9) | 536 (18.5) | 464 (17.9) | |
| ≤2–4/month | 545 (30.5) | 748 (25.8) | 703 (27.0) | |
| ≤2–3/week | 262 (14.7) | 693 (23.9) | 754 (29.0) | |
| >4/week | 97 (5.4) | 415 (14.3) | 465 (17.9) | |
| Hypertension, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 430 (21.6) | 1,046 (35.0) | 551 (20.6) | |
| No | 1,562 (78.4) | 1,942 (65.0) | 2,118 (79.4) | |
| Diabetes, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 122 (6.1) | 459 (15.4) | 249 (9.3) | |
| No | 1,870 (93.9) | 2,529 (84.6) | 2,420 (90.7) | |
| Dyslipidemia, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 189 (9.5) | 625 (20.9) | 356 (13.3) | |
| No | 1,803 (90.5) | 2,363 (79.1) | 2,313 (86.7) | |
| Stroke, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 32 (1.7) | 117 (4.0) | 51 (2.0) | |
| No | 1,893 (98.3) | 2,790 (96.0) | 2,490 (98.0) | |
| Limitation of daily activities, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 106 (5.5) | 257 (8.9) | 163 (6.4) | |
| No | 1,819 (94.5) | 2,647 (91.1) | 2,372 (93.6) | |
1
All characteristic variables were expressed as categorical variables and all are expressed as number (%).
2
BMI, body mass index.