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. 2023 Nov 27;10:1280177. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1280177

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Copyright © 2023 Chen, Zhang and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The immune modulation of PCV3. The summary of the major immune modulations of PCV3. (A) PCV3 Cap interacts with the transactivation domain of STAT2 and inhibits ISRE promoter activation induced by IRF9-S2C, helping PCV3 to escape type I interferon-meditated host innate immunity. (B) PCV3 Cap interacts with G3BP1 to prevent cGAS from recognizing DNA, affecting type I interferon production via the cGAS-STING pathway. (C) PCV3 Cap protein induces NF-κB activation and upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.