Table 3. Pooled estimates of preoperative patient characteristics, intraoperative variables, and perioperative outcomes.
| Variables | Number studies | Male, n | Female, n | RR/MD | 95% CI | P value | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative variables† | |||||||
| Age | 10 | 6,792 | 3,511 | 8.07 | 7.05, 9.10 | <0.001* | 62 |
| BMI | 7 | 3,478 | 1,901 | −1.09 | −1.56, −0.62 | <0.001* | 54 |
| Hypertension | 10 | 6,792 | 3,511 | 1.06 | 1.03, 1.09 | <0.001* | 26 |
| Prior CVA | 4 | 3,767 | 1,697 | 1.78 | 1.01, 3.15 | 0.05 | 76 |
| Prior CKD | 7 | 6,093 | 3,061 | 0.74 | 0.59, 0.93 | 0.01* | 38 |
| CTD | 7 | 6,106 | 3,105 | 1.17 | 0.91, 1.50 | 0.23 | 0 |
| CAD | 5 | 1,468 | 785 | 0.94 | 0.77, 1.15 | 0.57 | 0 |
| COPD | 6 | 4,165 | 1,970 | 1.05 | 0.82, 1.34 | 0.71 | 20 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 | 6,524 | 3,385 | 1.22 | 0.94, 1.59 | 0.13 | 62 |
| Current smoker | 5 | 2,696 | 1,448 | 0.47 | 0.25, 0.88 | 0.02* | 94 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 6 | 6,052 | 2,953 | 0.70 | 0.59, 0.84 | <0.001* | 0 |
| Shock | 5 | 2,955 | 1,693 | 1.13 | 0.99, 1.29 | 0.07 | 0 |
| Malperfusion | 5 | 1,382 | 806 | 0.94 | 0.81, 1.10 | 0.46 | 21 |
| Intraoperative variables‡ | |||||||
| CPB time | 9 | 3,740 | 2,163 | −11.51 | −20.58, −2.44 | 0.01* | 86 |
| Nadir temperature | 3 | 2,566 | 1,301 | 0.27 | −0.05, 0.59 | 0.10 | 0 |
| AVR | 6 | 3,335 | 1,882 | 0.80 | 0.70, 0.90 | <0.001* | 0 |
| Total arch | 9 | 4,018 | 2,400 | 0.73 | 0.58, 0.93 | 0.01* | 85 |
| Hemiarch | 5 | 2,987 | 1,641 | 1.06 | 1.01, 1.11 | 0.01* | 11 |
| Cannulation | |||||||
| Aortic | 4 | 2,610 | 1,422 | 1.17 | 0.93, 1.48 | 0.18 | 73 |
| Axillary/subclavian | 6 | 3,050 | 1,627 | 0.83 | 0.77, 0.91 | <0.001* | 0 |
| Femoral | 6 | 3,050 | 1,627 | 0.98 | 0.89, 1.08 | 0.68 | 1 |
| Perioperative outcomes | |||||||
| In-hospital/30-day mortality | 11 | 6,972 | 3,757 | 1.18 | 0.96, 1.45 | 0.12 | 46 |
| Stroke | 10 | 6,901 | 3,686 | 1.07 | 0.90, 1.28 | 0.46 | 12 |
| Reoperation for bleeding | 8 | 3,588 | 2,100 | 0.90 | 0.75, 1.09 | 0.28 | 0 |
†, analysis of preoperative variables used unmatched data from Sabashnikov et al. (34) and Li et al. (11); ‡, analysis of intraoperative variables used unmatched data from Sabashnikov et al. (34); *, P<0.05. RR, risk ratio; MD, mean difference; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTD, connective tissue disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; AVR, aortic valve replacement.