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. 2023 Nov 27;14:1294288. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294288

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Different directions in the development of universal vaccines. They are ① heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimens, ② construction of protein nanoparticle antigens, ③ utilization of conserved neutralizing epitopes, ④ design of chimeric immunogens, and ⑤ new adjuvant.