Table 1.
Examples of immune cell targeting, their targeting strategy and outcome.
| Target | Targeting Ligand | Model | Outcome | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MR | anti-MR mAb | Human | Induced significant cellular and humoral response in Phase I clinical trial | (115) |
| MR | Oligo-mannosylated cholesterol | Mice | Improved in vivo humoral response | (176) |
| MR | Tri-mannose | Mice | Induced activation of splenic DCs and antitumor T cell response | (114) |
| DEC205 | anti-DEC-205 mAb | Mature moDCs | Increased DC-uptake and increased presentation to CD8+ T Cells | (137) |
| Langerin | Glycomimetic Langerin ligand | Ex vivo human skin | Fast and specific LC-specific uptake | (132) |
| Clec9a | anti-Clec9a mAb | Mice, non-human primates | Increased humoral response, without adjuvant | (154) |
| Clec10a | Glycosylated peptide | hPMCs | Specific cDC2 uptake | (157) |
| Dectin-1 | β-glucan | Mice | Induced potent Th1 and Th2-type responses | (177) |
| Dectin-2 | Anti-Dectin-2 mAb | Mice | Increased CD8+ T Cell Response | (178) |
| DC-SIGN | anti-DC-SIGN mAb | Pigs | Production of antigen-specific CD4 T cell response, with Th1 polarization | (179) |
| DC-SIGN | Fucose-containing Lewis-type glycans | Human | 100-fold increase presentation to CD4 and CD8 T cells compared to non-targeted control | (180) |
| DC-SIGN | Mannosides | moDCs | Induced Th1-type immune response | (181) |
| Clec4a | Anti-Clec4a mAb | hPBMCs | CD8+ T Cell cross-priming | (164) |
| XCR-1 | DNA-encoded scFv-Ag fusion | Mice | augmented IFN-γ+CD8+ T cell responses | (173) |
| TLR-2 | Pam3Cys | Mice | Reduced Mycobacterium Tuberculosis burden in the lung | (169) |
| Ly6c | Anti-Ly6c mAb | Mice | Targeted expression of IL-10 in Ly6c+ inflammatory leukocytes | (174) |