Table 1.
Characteristics of LEAF participants
| Demographics, n=1250 | |
| Female, n (%) | 1190 (95.2) |
| Age, median (IQR) | 43 (34-51) |
| Geographical origin, n=1238 | |
| Europe, n (%) | 820 (66.2) |
| South America, n (%) | 178 (14.4) |
| North America, n (%) | 151 (12.2) |
| Africa, n (%) | 69 (5.6) |
| Asia, n (%) | 16 (1.3) |
| Australia, n (%) | 4 (0.3) |
| Disease activity, n=1077 | |
| NRS disease activity, 0–10 scale, median (IQR) | 5 (3-7) |
| Self-reported active SLE (NRS>3), n (%) | 720 (66.9) |
| Pain, n=1057 | |
| NRS pain, 0–10 scale, median (IQR) | 5 (3-7) |
| Clinically significant pain (NRS>3), n (%) | 730 (69.1) |
| Fibromyalgia, n=688 | |
| FiRST score positive (>4), n (%) | 396 (57.6) |
| Depression, n=937 | |
| HADS depression, 0–21 scale, median (IQR) | 8 (4-11) |
| No depression (HADS 0–7), n (%) | 458 (48.9) |
| Subclinical depression (HADS 8–10), n (%) | 241 (25.7) |
| Clinical depression (HADS 11–21), n (%) | 238 (25.4) |
| Anxiety, n=937 | |
| HADS anxiety, 0–21 scale, median (IQR) | 9 (6-13) |
| No anxiety (HADS 0–7), n (%) | 325 (34.7) |
| Subclinical anxiety (HADS 8–10), n (%) | 216 (23.1) |
| Clinical anxiety (HADS 11–21), n (%) | 396 (42.3) |
| Insomnia, n=1042 | |
| ISI, 0–28 scale, median (IQR) | 15 (10-19) |
| No insomnia (ISI 0–7), n (%) | 176 (16.9) |
| Subclinical insomnia (ISI 8–14), n (%) | 307 (29.5) |
| Moderate insomnia (ISI 15–21), n (%) | 445 (42.7) |
| Severe insomnia (ISI 22–28), n (%) | 114 (10.9) |
| Stress, n=896 | |
| PSS-10, 0–40 scale, median (IQR) | 22 (17-28) |
| Low level of stress, n (%) | 36 (4.0) |
| Level of stress similar to general population of the same age, n (%) | 267 (29.8) |
| High level of stress (>70% of general population of same age), n (%) | 593 (66.2) |
| Very high level of stress (>95% of general population of same age), n (%) | 320 (35.7) |
| Extremely high level of stress (>99.7% of general population of same age), n (%) | 93 (10.4) |
| Physical activity (WHO), n=944 | |
| Low level of physical activity, n (%) | 400 (42.4) |
| Moderate level of physical activity, n (%) | 258 (27.3) |
| High level of physical activity, n (%) | 286 (30.3) |
FiRST, Fibromyalgia Rapid Screening Tool; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; PSS-10, Perceived Stress Scale 10.;