Table 2.
Participant characteristics and clinical data.
| Characteristic | N | HC, N = 38a | IBSC, N = 36a | IBSD, N = 27a | p-valueb | HC vs. IBSC | HC vs. IBSD | IBSC vs. IBSD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 101 | 27 (8) | 24 (6) | 25 (6) | 0.3 | 0.052 | 0.10 | 0.9 |
| SES | 44 | 5.75 (1.29) | 5.85 (1.60) | 5.50 (1.91) | >0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| BMI | 101 | 23.99 (2.69) | 23.33 (3.41) | 23.26 (3.80) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | >0.9 |
| BSQ - Overall Symptoms | 64 | 3.0 (NA) | 8.0 (4.4) | 10.0 (3.8) | 0.070 | |||
| BSQ - Abdominal Pain | 65 | 4.0 (5.7) | 7.8 (4.5) | 8.2 (4.1) | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| BSQ - Bloating | 94 | 1.5 (1.8) | 11.8 (4.7) | 10.1 (5.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 |
| BSQ - Usual Severity | 65 | 2.00 (1.41) | 3.19 (0.79) | 3.22 (0.58) | 0.3 | 0.026 | 0.024 | 0.9 |
| BSQ - Age Onset | 64 | 19.0 (NA) | 17.7 (5.8) | 17.6 (4.6) | 0.8 | |||
| BSQ - Symptom Duration | 93 | 5.77 (3.11) | 3.61 (1.61) | 2.92 (1.52) | 0.002 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.2 |
| BSQ - Symptom Free Duration | 64 | 4.00 (NA) | 3.22 (0.83) | 3.19 (1.08) | 0.6 | |||
| BSQ - Flare Frequency | 64 | 1.00 (NA) | 3.94 (1.37) | 4.33 (1.21) | 0.11 | |||
| BSQ - Flare Now | 64 | 0/1 (0%) | 4/36 (11%) | 6/27 (22%) | 0.4 | |||
| BSQ - Symptom Duration Years | 64 | 1.0 (NA) | 6.7 (6.6) | 7.1 (5.2) | 0.2 | |||
| BSQ - Chest Pain/Pressure | 64 | 1/1 (100%) | 11/36 (31%) | 4/27 (15%) | 0.087 | |||
| BSQ - Fulness, Gas or Bloating | 64 | 1/1 (100%) | 36/36 (100%) | 26/27 (96%) | 0.4 | |||
| BSQ - Distention | 64 | 1/1 (100%) | 28/36 (78%) | 20/27 (74%) | 0.8 | |||
| BSQ - Rectum Fullness | 64 | 0/1 (0%) | 31/36 (86%) | 16/27 (59%) | 0.008 | |||
| BSQ - Urgency | 64 | 0/1 (0%) | 19/36 (53%) | 25/27 (93%) | 0.001 | |||
| BSQ - Nausea | 64 | 0/1 (0%) | 15/36 (42%) | 9/27 (33%) | 0.6 | |||
| BSQ - Belly Pain | 64 | 0/1 (0%) | 32/36 (89%) | 25/27 (93%) | 0.11 | |||
| BSQ - Irregular Bowel Movements | 64 | 1/1 (100%) | 36/36 (100%) | 26/27 (96%) | 0.4 | |||
| BSQ - Most Bothersome Symptom | 64 | >0.9 | ||||||
| Abdominal Distenstion | 0/1 (0%) | 4/36 (11%) | 2/27 (7.4%) | |||||
| Belly Pain | 0/1 (0%) | 5/36 (14%) | 6/27 (22%) | |||||
| Fullness in Rectum | 0/1 (0%) | 1/36 (2.8%) | 0/27 (0%) | |||||
| Fullness/Gas/Bloating | 0/1 (0%) | 12/36 (33%) | 8/27 (30%) | |||||
| Irregular Bowel Habits | 1/1 (100%) | 13/36 (36%) | 9/27 (33%) | |||||
| Urgency | 0/1 (0%) | 1/36 (2.8%) | 2/27 (7.4%) | |||||
| BSQ - Amount of PCP Doctor Visits | 101 | 1.71 (0.69) | 2.58 (1.11) | 2.48 (1.05) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.7 |
| BSQ - Consulted Doctor | 81 | 3/18 (17%) | 31/36 (86%) | 23/27 (85%) | <0.001 | |||
| BSQ - Amount of GI Doctor Visits | 71 | 1.21 (0.43) | 1.88 (0.79) | 1.84 (0.75) | 0.009 | 0.006 | 0.011 | 0.9 |
| BSQ - Colicky Baby | 68 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Don’t Know | 13/26 (50%) | 10/23 (43%) | 2/19 (11%) | |||||
| No | 13/26 (50%) | 13/23 (57%) | 12/19 (63%) | |||||
| Yes | 0/26 (0%) | 0/23 (0%) | 5/19 (26%) | |||||
| BSQ - Sensitive Stomach | 68 | 1/26 (3.8%) | 12/23 (52%) | 8/19 (42%) | <0.001 | |||
| BSQ - Breast Fed | 37 | 0.057 | ||||||
| Don’t Know | 3/17 (18%) | 0/10 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) | |||||
| No | 1/17 (5.9%) | 5/10 (50%) | 1/10 (10%) | |||||
| Yes | 13/17 (76%) | 5/10 (50%) | 8/10 (80%) | |||||
| BSQ - Formula Fed | 37 | 0.009 | ||||||
| Don’t Know | 7/17 (41%) | 0/10 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) | |||||
| No | 6/17 (35%) | 1/10 (10%) | 4/10 (40%) | |||||
| Yes | 4/17 (24%) | 9/10 (90%) | 5/10 (50%) | |||||
| BSQ - Mode Delivery | 37 | 0.045 | ||||||
| Don’t Know | 0/17 (0%) | 1/10 (10%) | 0/10 (0%) | |||||
| Elective C-Section | 3/17 (18%) | 1/10 (10%) | 0/10 (0%) | |||||
| Emergency C-Section | 0/17 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | 3/10 (30%) | |||||
| Vaginal | 14/17 (82%) | 8/10 (80%) | 7/10 (70%) | |||||
| BSQ - Less than 3 BM Per Week | 94 | 1.09 (0.30) | 2.36 (1.44) | 1.15 (0.61) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| BSQ - Hard Stool | 94 | 1.38 (0.66) | 3.53 (0.84) | 1.42 (0.70) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.8 | <0.001 |
| BSQ - Straining | 94 | 1.28 (0.52) | 3.22 (1.10) | 2.04 (1.08) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.003 | <0.001 |
| BSQ - Incomplete Evacuation | 94 | 1.22 (0.49) | 3.00 (1.07) | 2.65 (1.06) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.14 |
| BSQ - Anorectal Obstruction | 94 | 1.13 (0.34) | 3.03 (1.16) | 1.65 (0.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.016 | <0.001 |
| BSQ - Manual Maneuver | 94 | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.44 (0.88) | 1.54 (1.14) | 0.011 | 0.026 | 0.013 | 0.7 |
| BSQ - Difficult Relaxing during BM | 92 | 1.10 (0.31) | 2.58 (1.46) | 1.54 (0.81) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 | <0.001 |
| BSQ - Loose Stool | 94 | 1.28 (0.46) | 1.47 (0.70) | 3.35 (0.75) | <0.001 | 0.2 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BSQ - Loose Stool 75% | 50 | 1/9 (11%) | 3/15 (20%) | 15/26 (58%) | 0.011 | |||
| BSQ - Loose Stool > 6 Months | 52 | 2/11 (18%) | 7/15 (47%) | 23/26 (88%) | <0.001 | |||
| BSQ - Bowel Habit and Meds | 94 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Hard stool only with antidiarrheal | 0/32 (0%) | 0/35 (0%) | 10/27 (37%) | |||||
| Loose stool only with laxatives | 2/32 (6.2%) | 23/35 (66%) | 0/27 (0%) | |||||
| Neither | 30/32 (94%) | 12/35 (34%) | 17/27 (63%) | |||||
| BSQ - Feel Constipated | 48 | 1.0 (1.4) | 14.4 (3.7) | 4.7 (5.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.3 | <0.001 |
| IBS-SSS | 62 | NA (NA) | 231 (100) | 197 (95) | 0.2 | |||
| IBS QoL - Dysphoria | 65 | 98 (2) | 65 (25) | 69 (25) | 0.10 | 0.071 | 0.11 | 0.5 |
| IBS QoL - Interference | 65 | 98 (3) | 69 (24) | 64 (23) | 0.071 | 0.084 | 0.045 | 0.4 |
| IBS QoL - Body Image | 65 | 97 (4) | 58 (24) | 73 (24) | 0.009 | 0.028 | 0.2 | 0.019 |
| IBS QoL - Health Worry | 65 | 100 (0) | 51 (31) | 66 (23) | 0.013 | 0.017 | 0.10 | 0.035 |
| IBS QoL - Food Avoidance | 65 | 100 (0) | 44 (32) | 51 (30) | 0.070 | 0.016 | 0.033 | 0.4 |
| IBS QoL - Social Reaction | 65 | 97 (4) | 69 (24) | 63 (27) | 0.079 | 0.13 | 0.072 | 0.4 |
| IBS QoL - Sexual | 62 | 100 (0) | 69 (30) | −21 (476) | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| IBS QoL - Relationship | 65 | 100 (0) | 78 (20) | 75 (20) | 0.092 | 0.13 | 0.088 | 0.6 |
| IBS QoL - Total | 65 | 99 (2) | 64 (21) | 66 (20) | 0.052 | 0.021 | 0.034 | 0.6 |
| PSS | 96 | 12 (6) | 17 (7) | 15 (6) | 0.016 | 0.007 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| HAD - Anxiety | 100 | 4.0 (3.0) | 8.7 (4.8) | 6.7 (3.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.006 | 0.036 |
| HAD - Depression | 100 | 1.26 (1.55) | 3.49 (3.29) | 2.22 (2.19) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.047 |
| VSI | 101 | 7 (13) | 43 (17) | 37 (14) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.14 |
| CSQ Q7 | 94 | 14 (30) | 9 (23) | 3 (2) | 0.002 | 0.4 | 0.069 | 0.3 |
| CSQ Q8 | 94 | 37 (46) | 9 (23) | 2 (1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.5 |
| CSQ - Catastrophizing Score | 93 | 0.44 (0.70) | 1.57 (1.14) | 1.37 (1.12) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.5 |
| ETI - General | 96 | 1.16 (1.41) | 1.68 (1.57) | 1.83 (1.74) | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.10 | 0.7 |
| ETI - Physical | 96 | 0.68 (1.04) | 0.91 (1.24) | 1.04 (1.43) | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
| ETI - Emotional | 96 | 0.50 (1.13) | 1.06 (1.59) | 1.21 (1.47) | 0.043 | 0.093 | 0.055 | 0.7 |
| ETI - Sexual | 96 | 0.42 (0.98) | 0.62 (1.10) | 0.75 (1.19) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| ETI - Total | 96 | 2.8 (3.2) | 4.3 (3.9) | 4.8 (4.1) | 0.049 | 0.087 | 0.034 | 0.6 |
N = 102 total, IBS-C group N = 36, IBS-D group N = 27, HC group N = 39.
Abbreviations: IBSD, Irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea; IBSC, irritable bowel syndrome-constipation; HC, healthy control; SES, socioeconomic status; BMI, Body Mass Index; BSQ, Bowel Symptom Questionnaire; IBS-SSS, irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale; IBS QoL, Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; HAD; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales; VSI, Visceral Sensitivity Index; CSQ, The Coping Strategies Questionnaire; ETI, Early Traumatic Inventory. CSQ Q7: Based on all you do to cope, how much control do you feel you have over it?: 0 = No control - 6 = Complete control. CSQ Q8: Based on all the things you do to cope, how much are you able to decrease it?: 0 = None at all - 6 = Decrease completely.
a
Mean (SD); n/N (%), p-value <0.05.
b
Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Fisher’s exact test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test.