Fig. 3.

Gene editing approaches for EV engineering. A The ribonucleoprotein A2B1 (hnRNPA2B1) and RVG decorated EVs production using gene transfection. Reproduced with permission from [51]. Copyright 2023 Cell Press. B The isolation process of miR-146a encapsulated EVs. Reproduced with permission from [56]. Copyright 2023 Springer Nature. C The functionality of serpin overexpressed HEK293T derived EVs. Reproduced with permission from [58]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature. D The schematic illustration for EXPLORs systems. Reproduced with permission from [61]. Copyright 2016 Springer Nature